PREFACE. 
viii 
edition by the incorporation of a large mass of new material. 
Articles on outfit, on collecting and preserving material, on 
observing and recording, and on general field work, have 
been added to the introduction. The treatment of mor- 
phology, ecology, and geographical distribution in Part I 
has been made more categorical, and a large quantity of 
new and important matter has been added. The bulk of 
the technical terms in common use are now explained in 
Part I, while a large number of others met with from time 
to time in floras and similar works have been added to the 
index (Part III). Part II has been revised, and consider- 
able portions of it rewritten. Great additions have been 
made to Part III, not only of technical terms and common 
names, but also of the commoner Latin and Greek prefixes 
and suffixes used in generic and specific names and technical 
terms, together with the commoner specific names and their 
English meanings. The tables of abbreviations have also 
been incorporated with this part. In these and other ways 
I have tried to render the work sufficiently complete for the 
requirements of the readers indicated above, and a reliable 
work of reference for all interested in botany. With this 
work and a local flora of the district visited, the traveller or 
student should be practically independent of other botanical 
literature for all ordinary purposes. At the same time, for 
the student at home, the work forms a treatise on general 
morphology and ecology, geographical distribution, and 
especially systematic botany, together with a very full dic- 
tionary of technical terms and economic botany. Part I is 
written so that it may be read consecutively by a student 
who has a slight acquaintance with the rudiments of 
botanical knowledge ; the more difficult paragraphs may 
be omitted at the first reading and read subsequently. 
In preparing the first edition I was indebted for help 
and advice to many friends, especially Professors Bower, 
