8 4 
THE FLORAL D LAG RAM 
posterior). With two bracteoles and five sepals the same is 
the case (see Caryophyllaceae and Leguminosae). The 
arrangement is the same if the sepals appear simultaneously. 
If only two sepals occur they are placed antero-posteriorly 
{e.g. Cruciferae). 
We now put in the other parts in their exact relation- 
ships. When cohesion of parts occurs, they are joined by 
lines, as in the calyx of Silene (Caryophyllaceae, Part II.); 
sometimes this is omitted, e.g. in the corolla of the diagram 
of Compositae, but it is best at first to be strictly exact. 
The anthers are drawn in section, showing the lobes and 
the extrorse or introrse opening. The ovary and ovules are 
also drawn in section to show the placentation, &c. When 
the stigmas are over the placentae, as in Cruciferae, they may 
be marked as is there done, and in cases like Compositae 
or Gramineae, where the ovarial structure does not show 
their position, this should also be done. The aestivation 
must also be attended to. For floral diagrams of many 
orders see Eichler’s Bliithendiagramme. 
Floral Formulae afford a convenient mode of express- 
ing the number of parts of the flower and some of the chief 
features in their arrangement, and are largely used in 
Part II. The calyx, corolla, androeceum and gynceceum 
are represented by the symbols K, C, A, G, respectively 
(perianth by P). After the symbol follows the number of 
parts ; if the number be enclosed in a bracket it means that 
the parts are united, if not, that they are free. Thus, K 
(5) means “calyx of 5 sepals, gamosepalous,” A 3 means 
“androeceum of 3 stamens, polyandrous.” If there are two 
numbers with a + sign between them, two alternating 
whorls are signified, e.g. A 3 + 3 means that the androeceum 
is of two whorls of 3 stamens each. The ovary if inferior 
is represented by the symbol G, if superior by G. 
Description of Flowers in technical language. 
The student should describe every flower he dissects, and 
draw its floral diagram. At first it will be well to select 
flowers whose diagrams are given in Part II. The de- 
scriptive terms used are given above. 
The following short descriptions of common flowers will 
serve to show the order in which the parts are described, 
and the general form of a description. 
