ENG LEES SYSTEM 
I2 5 
classes derived from separate stocks of the early Pterido- 
phyta, and the latter really two or more classes derived 
possibly from primitive Gymnosperms. The Angiosperms 
are divided into Mono- and Di-cotyledons in all systems, 
but the further subdivisions vary. The outline given below 
gives the characters of these groups as far as the cohorts ; 
the characters of the orders must be sought in Part II. 
SYSTEM OF ENGLER, 1892—96. 
SPERMAPHYTA. 
Gymnospermae. 
(Ovules before pollination not enclosed in an ovary formed of infolded 
or united carpels ; endosperm formed before fertilisation ; see G. in 
Pt. II.) 
Class I. Cycadales (stem with little or no branching ; leaves pinnately 
divided, forming a rosette at end of stem ; firs, dioecious, not massed in 
infl.; no perianth): 
N. O. 1. Cycadaceae. 
Class II. Coniferae (stem branched ; leaves usually narrow, often 
linear ; firs, unisexual ; no perianth) : 
N. O. 2. Araucariaceae. 3. Taxaceae. 
Class III. Gnetales (stem simple or branched ; leaves in pairs, 
undivided ; firs, unisexual or £ , with perianth, and more or less enclosed 
in bracts) : 
N. O. 4. Gnetaceae. 
Angiospermae. 
(Ovules produced in an ovary formed of coherent carpels or of one 
carpel with coherent margins ; endosperm formed after fertilisation ; see 
A. and Chalazogamae in Pt. II.) 
Class I. Monocotyledones (embryo with one cotyledon ; stem with 
closed vascular bundles, ‘ scattered ’ as seen in cross-section ; leaves 
usually parallel-veined ; firs, usually 3-merous; see M. in Pt. II.): 
Cohort 1. Pajidanales (fir. naked or with homochlam., bract-like 
perianth, unisexual; sta. 1 — 00 ; cpls. 1 — 00 ; endosperm; infl. compound, 
spherical or cylindrical) : 
N. O. 5. Typhaceae. 6. Pandanaceae. 7. Sparganiaceae. 
