126 
ENGLERS SYSTEM 
'Cohort 2. Helohieae (flr. cyclic or hemi-cyclic ; perianth o or in 
1 or 2 whorls, homo- or hetero-chlam., hypogynous or epigynous ; sta. 
i — oo ; cpls. i — oo, apo- or syn-carpous; endosperm little or none; 
water or marsh plants or saprophytes) : 
N. O. 8. Potamogetonaceae. 9. Naiadaceae. 10. Aponogeton- 
aceae. 11. Juncaginaceae. 12. Alismaceae. 13. Butomaceae. 14. 
Triuridaceae. 15. Hydrocharitaceae. 
Coho7't 3. Glumiflorae (flr. naked, rarely with hair-like or true 
perianth, covered by glumes; ovary i-loc. with 1 ovule): 
N. O. 16. Gramineae. 17. Cyperaceae. 
Cohort 4. Principes (flr. usually cyclic, homochlam., 3-merous, 
hypogynous, regular or rarely zygomorphic ; cpls. 3, usually each with 
1 fleshy ovule; stem monopodial with fan-like or pinnate leaves ; infl. a 
simple or compound spadix) : 
N. O. 18. Palmae. 
Cohort 5. Synanthae (flr. always unisexual; <? naked or with thick 
shortly-toothed perianth and 6 — 00 sta. ; ? naked or with 4 fleshy scale- 
like leaves, before each of which is a long thread-like staminode ; cpls. 
(2) or (4), with 2 or 4 placentae, and 00 ovules, sunk in axis of spadix): 
N. O. 19. Cyclanthaceae. 
Cohort 6. Spathiflorae (flr. cyclic, with o, 1, or 2 whorls of perianth, 
3- 01 2-merous, $ or unisexual, often much reduced, even to 1 sta. or 
cpl. ; spadices simple, enclosed in spathes, with no bracts ; sympodial 
plants, rarely with well-developed stems) : 
N.O. 20. Araceae. 21. Lemnaceae. 
Cohort 7. Farinosae (flr. homo- or hetero-chlam., 3- or 2-merous, 
usually P 3 + 3, A 3 + 3, G (3) ; one whorl of sta. is sometimes wanting, 
or all sta. but 1 ; ovules often orthotropous ; endosperm mealy) : 
N.O. 22. Flagellariaceae. 23. Restionaceae. 24. Centrolepidaceae. 
25. Mayacaceae. 26. Xyridaceae. 27. Eriocaulaceae. 28. Rapate- 
aceae. 29. Bromeliaceae. 30. Commelinaceae. 31. Pontederiaceae. 
32. Philydraceae. 
Cohort 8. Liliijlorae (like 7, but endosperm fleshy or cartilaginous; 
ovules usually anatropous ; flrs. sometimes 4- or 5-merous) : 
N.O. 33. Juncaceae. 34. Stemonaceae. 35. Liliaceae. 36. 
Haemodoraceae. 37. Amaryllidaceae. 38. Velloziaceae. 39. Tac- 
caceae. 40. Dioscoreaceae. 41. Iridaceae. 
Cohoi't 9. Scitamineae (flr. cyclic, homo- or hetero-chlam., 3-merous, 
typically diplostemonous but often with reduction of androeceum even 
to 1 sta., usually epigynous and zygomorphic; ovary usually 3-loc. with 
large ovules ; seeds usually with arils and with endo- and peri-sperm ; 
tropical plants) : 
N.O. 42. Musaceae. 43. Zingiberaceae. 44. Cannaceae. 45. 
Marantaceae. 
Cohort 10. Microsperviae (flr. cyclic, homo- or hetero-chlam., typi- 
cally diplostemonous but often with important reduction ; ovary inferior, 
3- or i-loc. with 00 small ovules; endosperm or none): 
N. O. 46. Burmanniaceae. 47. Orchidaceae. 
Class II. Dicotyledones (embryo with two cotyledons; stem with 
open vascular bundles usually in a single ring ; leaf net-veined ; flr. 
usually 5-, 4- or 2-merous ; see D. in Pt. II.) : 
