ENGLER'S SYSTEM 
127 
SERIES I. ARCHICHLAMYDEAE. Perianth in lower stages 
of development, i.e. either (1) absent, (2) simple, in one whorl, petaloid 
or sepaloid, (3) in two whorls, the inner polyphyllous, (4) in two whorls, 
the inner gamophyllous (rare; in forms whose nearest relatives are 
polyphyllous, e.g. Correa in Rutaceae), or (5) in one whorl, in conse- 
quence of the abortion of the inner whorl. 
Cohort 1. Piperales (fir. naked or homochlam., $ or unisexual; 
sta. 1 — 10, cpls. 1 — 4 free or united; firs, very small, in spikes; leaves 
undivided, with stipules or none) : 
N. O. 48. Saururaceae. 49. Piperaceae. 50. Chloranthaceae. 
51. Lacistemaceae. 
Cohort 2. Juglcindales (fir. unisexual, naked or with sepaloid peri- 
anth ; sta. 2 — 40; cpls. 2 or 1 ; ovary i-loc. with 1 basal orthotropous 
or rarely parietal amphitropous ovule ; drupe ; no stipules) : 
N.O. 52. Juglandaceae. 53. Myricaceae. 54. Leitneriaceae. 
Cohort 3. Salicales (fir. naked, dioecious, with cup-like disc, some- 
times reduced to tooth-like scales; sta. 2 — 00, cpls. (2); G i-loc. with 
00 anatropous ovules on parietal placentae; capsule with 00 seeds; seed 
small, exalbuminous, with basal tuft of hairs ; woody plants with undi- 
vided, rarely lobed, alternate, stipulate leaves and spikes of firs.) : 
N.O. 55. Salicaceae. 
Cohort 4. Fagales (fir. cyclic, homochlam., rarely naked, generally 
unisexual, monoecious; sta. often anteposed to perianth-leaves; cpls. 
(2 — 6) each with 1 — 2 ovules; G; fruit usually nut-like, i-seeded; no 
endosperm ; firs, in simple or compound spikes) : 
N.O. 56. Betulaceae. 57. Fagaceae. 
Order of doubtful position, allied to 56. 
N.O. 58. Casuarinaceae (firs, unisexual; $ in spikes, with 2 peri- 
anth-leaves and 1 sta.; ? in heads, naked, of (2) cpls.; ovules 2, in 
anterior loc. only, orthotropous, basal; nut enclosed in woody brac- 
teoles ; seed exalbuminous). 
Cohort 5. Urticales (fir. cyclic, homochlam., rarely naked, usually 
2-merous, rarely 2 + 3, generally regular; sta. anteposed to perianth- 
leaves; cpls. 2 — 1; G with 1 ovule; nut; firs, usually in cymose 
panicles) : 
N.O. 59. Ulmaceae. 60. Moraceae. 61. Urticaceae. 
Cohort 6. Proteales (fir. cyclic, homochlam., usually 2-merous with 
sta. anteposed to perianth-leaves, hypogynous, $ or unisexual, regular or 
not ; perianth petaloid ; sta. rarely quite free, usually united to perianth 
all but the anthers; Gi): 
N. O. 62. Proteaceae. 
Cohort 7. Santa/ales (fir. cyclic, homochlam. with sta. anteposed 
to perianth-leaves, rarely heterochlam. and haplo- or diplo-stemonous ; 
G (2 — 3) rarely 1, each cpl. with 1 ovule pendulous from apex of loc. 
or from free-central placenta ; sometimes — in order 63 — the ovules and 
placentae are not differentiated, but the embryo-sacs are in the tissue 
filling the interior of the ovary) : 
N.O. 63. Loranthaceae. 64. Myzodendraceae. 65. Santalaceae. 
66. Grubbiaceae. 67. Olacaceae. 68. Balanophoraceae. 
Cohort 8. Aristolochiales (fir. cyclic, homochlam., epigynous, regular 
