DRUGS 
203 
Anamirta, Aralia, Atropa, Cannabis (hemp), Carum, Casca- 
rilla, Cassia (senna), Cinchona (quinine), Cinnamomum 
(camphor, &c.), Citrullus, Coix, Cola, Colchicum, Colutea, 
Commiphora, Convolvulus, Croton, Curcuma, Digitalis, 
Dorema, Drimys, Elettaria (cardamom), Erythroxylon (co- 
caine), Ferula, Gentiana, Glycyrrhiza (liquorice), Ipomoea, 
Lewisia, Lindera, Menyanthes, Papaver (opium), Peucedanum, 
Pilocarpus, Polygala, Pringlea, Rhamnus, Rheum (rhubarb), 
Ricinus (castor-oil), Ruta, Santalina, Sassafras, Schoeno- 
caulon, Smilax, Strophanthus, Strychnos, Styrax, Tama- 
rindus, Toluifera, Trigonella, Uragoga (ipecacuanha), 
Urginea, Veratrum, Verbascum, Zingiber (ginger), &c. 
As an appendage to drugs may be mentioned poisons , 
e.g. Acokanthera, Aconitum, Antiaris, Erythrophloeum, 
Physostigma, Strychnos, Toxicodendron, &c.; insect-powders , 
e.g. Chenopodium, Cimicifuga, Chrysanthemum, &c. ; and 
soaps , e.g. Chlorogalum, Quillaja, Sapindus, Saponaria. 
VI. Edible Products. The life of all animals, 
including man, depends ultimately upon the food provided 
by the vegetable kingdom. Animals need proteid materials 
in their food. Protoplasm of course occurs in all living 
parts of plants, but is usually accompanied by a dispro- 
portionate mass of cellulose, &c., though ruminant animals 
are able to thrive on such food. The grasses (Gramineae) 
form the staple food of grazing animals. Among the 
most useful genera are Agrostis, Alopecurus, Andropogon, 
Anthoxanthum, Aristida, Avena, Bouteloua, Briza, Bromus, 
Chionachne, Chloris, Cynodon, Cynosurus, Dactylis, Des- 
champsia, Eriochloa, Festuca, Holcus, Hordeum, Lolium, 
Melica, Milium, Panicum, Phleum, Poa, Secale, Tripsacum, 
Trisetum, Triticum, Zea, &c. Other useful fodder plants 
are many of the Leguminosae, e.g. Acacia, Anthyllis, 
Astragalus, Ervum, Hippocrepis, Lathyrus (vetch), Lotus, 
Lupinus, Medicago (lucerne, &c.), Onobrychis (sainfoin), 
Trifolium (clover), Vicia (vetch), &c., and Symphytum 
(comfrey), Spergula (spurrey), Atriplex (salt bush, in salt 
soils), &c. 
The staple human food-stuffs, many of which are also 
used for domestic animals, are obtained from those parts 
in which the plant has made reserve stores, e.g. seeds, 
