BIX ACE AE 265 
placentae. Capsule septifragal or loculicidal : seed usually flattened 
and with large membranous wing, exalbuminous. 
Classification and chief genera (after Schumann) : 
I. BIGNONIEAE (ovary completely 2-loc., compressed || sep- 
tum, or cylindrical; capsule septifragal, with winged seeds; 
usually tendrillate) : Glaziovia, Bignonia. 
II. TECOMEAE (ovary 2-loc., compressed _L septum or cylin- 
drical; capsule loculicidal with winged seeds; rarely ten- 
drillate): Incarvillea, Jacaranda, Catalpa, Tecoma. 
III. ECCREMOCARPEAE (ovary i-loc. ; capsule splits from 
below upwards; seeds winged; tendrils): Eccremocarpus 
(only gen.). 
IV. CRESCENTIEAE (ovary 1- or 2-loc.; fruit berry or dry 
indehiscent ; seeds not winged ; usually erect plants) : 
Crescentia, Phyllarthron. 
V. TOURRETTIEAE ( ovary 4-loc.; hooked capsule) : Tour- 
rettia (only gen.). 
The order is placed in Personales by Benth.- Hooker, in Personatae 
by Eichler (Warming). 
Billardiera Sm. Pittosporaceae. 8 sp. Austr. 
Billbergia Thunb. Bromeliaceae (1). 40 sp. trop. Am. Epiphytes. 
Biophytum DC. Oxalidaceae. 20 sp. trop. B . sensitivum DC. has 
pinnate leaves, sensitive to contact (cf. Mimosa). When touched the 
leaflets bend downwards. The seed has an explosive aril (cf. Oxalis); 
the capsule spreads out flat when it dehisces and thus allows the seeds 
to escape easily. 
Biota D. Don. = Thuja Linn, (all sp. of B. = T. orientalis). 
Biscutella Linn. Cruciferae (11. 5). 12 sp. Eur. 
Biserrula Linn. Leguminosae (ill. 6). 1 sp. Medit. The frt. is very 
like a centipede, and it has been suggested that birds are deceived by 
it and carry it to a distance before discovering their mistake. 
Bismarckia Hildebr. et H. Wendl. Palmae (11. 3). 1 sp. Madag. 
Included in Medemia in Nat. Pfi. 
Bixa Linn. Bixaceae. 1 sp., B. Orellana L., trop. Am. Cultivated 
all over the Tropics for its seed. The outer layer of the testa is red 
and fleshy; the orange-yellow colouring matter (annatto, arnotto, &c.) 
is used in dyeing sweetmeats &c. 
Bixaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Parietales). 4 gen. with 19 sp., 
trop. Small trees or shrubs, sometimes with tuberous underground 
stem; leaves alt., stipulate, usually large and lobed. Schizogenous 
mucilage canals are present in the tissues, and resin cells in the leaf 
parenchyma in most sp. Firs, in panicles, g , regular. K 4 — 5, 
imbricate; C 4 — 5, imbricate or convolute; A 00, sometimes united at 
base, the anthers usually opening by short slits or pores; G (2 — 5), 
i-loc. with parietal placentae, or more or less completely multi-loc. by 
union of the placentae in the centre. Ovules 00, anatropous. Style 
