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CANDOLLEA 
strongly marked nutation) now changes sides, but the gynostemium is 
prevented from moving by the sticky nectary, until a considerable 
strain is set up. In this condition a slight touch, e.g. by an insect, 
suffices to free it and it springs violently over, striking the visitor with 
the stigma and also throwing over it a shower of pollen. The peri- 
odic movements go on for some time and may be compared to those 
of the leaflets of Desmodium. 
Candolleaceae ( Stylidiaceae ). Dicotyledons (Sympet. Campanulatae). 
3 gen. with 100 sp. Austr., N. Z., trop. As., S. Am. Small herbs or 
undershrubs, more or less xerophytic, without latex. Leaves simple, 
exstip. Firs, in racemes or cymes, £ or unisexual, usually zygo- 
morphic. K 5 or (5), the odd sepal posterior; C (5), the anterior 
petal ( labellum ) often different from the rest. Of the 5 sta. only the 
2 posterior lateral ones are developed and these are united with the 
style to form a gynostemium (cf. Orchids, Asclepiads &c.); anthers 
extrorse. G (2), usually 2-loc., but occasionally the posterior loc. is 
aborted. Fruit a capsule. Seed with fleshy endosperm. Genera: 
Phyllachne, Levenhookia, Candollea. [Placed in Campanales by 
Benth. -Hooker, in Campanulinae by Warming.] 
Canella P. Br. ( Winterana L.). 2 sp. W. Ind., trop. Am. C. alba 
Murr. yields Canella bark, used as a tonic and stimulant. 
Canellaceae ( Winteranaceae ). Dicotyledons (Archichl. Parietales). 
4 gen. with 7 sp. “One of the best examples of discontinuous 
distribution of old families (p. 146). 2 gen. with a few sp. in S. Am. 
and W. Ind., 1 (monotypic) in Madag. and 1 (also monotypic) in 
E. Afr.” (Warburg). Trees with alt., leathery, entire, exstip., gland- 
dotted leaves. Firs, solitary or in racemes or cymes, g , regular, 
K 3, imbricate; C 4 — 12 free or united; A 00, hypogynous, com- 
pletely united into a tube, with extrorse anthers; G (2 — 6), 1 loc., 
with 2-00 semi-anatropous ovules on each parietal placenta. Berry. 
Embryo straight or slightly curved in rich endosperm. Genera: 
Canella, Cinnamodendron, Warburgia, Cinnamosma. [Placed in 
Parietales by Benth. -Hooker, in Cistiflorae by Eichler.] 
Canna Linn. Cannaceae. Over 40 sp. trop. and sub-trop. Am. 
Several are in cultivation for their handsome firs., e.g. C. indica 
L. (Indian shot). The habit is like that of Zingiberaceae or Maranta- 
ceae, but C. can be distinguished even when not in flr. by their 
possessing neither the ligule of the former nor the pulvinus of the 
latter. The infl. is terminal, and usually composed of 2 -flowered 
cincinni. The two firs, are homodromous, but the bracteole is to the 
right in one and to the left in the other (behind one or other of the 
two lateral sepals in the diagram). Fir. g , asymmetric, epigynous. 
K 3, C (3). The andrceceum is the most conspicuous part of the 
flr. There is a leafy sta. bearing half an anther on one edge, and 
a number of petaloid structures round it, usually 3 but sometimes 1 
or 4. One of these is the labellum (not equivalent to that of 
