CANTUA 
285 
Zingiberaceae), and is rolled back on itself outwards. The other 
two are often termed the wings (a [3 in diagram). When a fourth 
staminode (7, cf. Marantaceae) is present it 
stands behind the fertile sta. Other sp. have 
only the labellum. The ovary is inferior, of 
3 cpls. with a petaloid style, 3-loc.; ovules in 
2 rows in each loc., anatropous. Fruit a 
capsule, usually warty. Seed with perisperm 
and straight embryo. 
As to the morphological explanation of the 
androeceum, there are two views. Eichler 
(Bliitendiag. I. p. 1 74) regards the labellum as 
a lateral sta. of the inner whorl, and the fertile 
sta. together with all the staminodes as the 
posterior sta. of the same whorl ; the other sta. 
of the inner, and all the sta. of the outer, 
whorl are wanting. The older view looks upon 
/3, 7, as the 2 posterior sta. of the outer whorl, 
and the labellum, a, and the fertile sta. as the 3 sta. of the inner 
whorl. [Cf. this flr. with those of Musaceae, Zingiberaceae and 
Marantaceae. ] 
The pollen is shed upon the style in the bud ; insects alight on the 
labellum, touch first the terminal stigma and then the pollen. The 
rhizome of C. edulis Ker-Gawl. is edible, containing large quantities 
of starch. 
Cannabaeeae (Warming) =§ iv of Moraceae (y.z>.). 
Cannabis (Tourn.) Linn. Moraceae (iv). 1 sp. Cent. As., C. sativa 
L., the Hemp. Infl. like that of Humulus $ , dioecious. The hemp 
is largely cultivated. A valuable fibre, used for ropes &c., is obtained 
from the stem in the same way as flax is prepared from Linum (q.v.). 
In trop. countries, especially India, the plant is cultivated for its 
narcotic resin (Churrus). This exudes from the leaves and is collected 
by men brushing through the plants in leathern dresses to which it 
adheres. The Asiatics are much addicted to the use of hemp as 
a narcotic; the dried leaves (Gunjah, Hashish, or Bhang) are smoked 
with or without tobacco, or pounded with water as a drink, and have 
an intoxicating stimulant effect; the resin is more powerful in its 
action. “In small quantities it produces pleasant excitement, which 
passes into delirium and catalepsy if the quantity be increased.” 
For details see Treas. of Bot. 
Cannaceae. Monocotyledons (Scitamineae). Only genus Canna (q.v.). 
Often united to Marantaceae. 
Canscora Lam. Gentianaceae (1. 2). 14 sp. Indo-mal. , trop. Afr., 
Austr. 
Canthium Lam. = Plectronia Linn. 
Cantua Juss. Polemoniaceae. 7 sp. Peru, Bolivia. 
Floral diagram of 
Canna indica (after 
Eichler) . The bracteole 
is omitted. S = petaloid 
style; L = labellum ; a /3 
= staminodes. 
