292 
CARYOPHYLLA CEAE 
7. Pterantheac (firs, in 3’s, the 2 laterals more or less 
aborted) : Pteranthus. 
Benth. -Hooker separate off the last 4 of these groups as an 
independent order under the name lllecebraceae, which they place 
in Monochlamydeae Curvembryae, whilst retaining the rest of the 
order ( Caryophylleae ) in Polypetalae Caryophyllinae. This is an 
unnatural separation of closely allied groups, Eichler and Warming 
retain the order in the wider sense, placing it in Curvembryae. See 
discussion of relationships of these orders in Nat. Pfl. (Caryophylla- 
ceae, p. 68). The relationships are thus given by Pax : 
Amarantaceae ) 
Caryophyllaceae 
1 t 1 
( Aizoaceae 
( 
- Phytolaccaceae ->• - 
Chenopodiaceae ) 
1 \ 1 
Portulacaceae 
( Nyctaginaceae 
Caryophylleae (Benth.-Hooker). See above. 
Caryophyllinae (Benth.-Hooker). The 4th cohort of Polypetalae 
( P . 132). 
Caryophyllus Linn. = Eugenia Linn. C. aromaticus L. = E. caryophyl- 
lata. 
Caryopteris Bunge. Verbenaceae (v). 5 sp. Himal. to Japan. 
Cary ota Linn. Palmae (iv. 6). 10 sp. E. Ind. Stem columnar; leaves 
bipinnate. The infl. is composed of a number of equal branches 
hanging down like a brush. They appear on the stem in descending 
order, the oldest in the crown, the younger lower down in the axils 
of the old leaf-sheaths. Firs, in groups of 3, one ? between two 
$ . Sta. 9 — 00 . Cpl. i. Fruit a berry. C. urens L. is largely culti- 
vated; it yields palm sugar (see Arenga), sago (see Metroxylon), 
fibre, wood, &c. 
Cascarilla Wedd. Rubiaceae (1. 4). 20 sp. S. Am. United to 
Ladenbergia in Nat. Pfl. The bark of some sp. resembles that of 
Cinchona (see also Croton), but the amount of alkaloid is very small. 
Casearia Jacq. Flacourtiaceae (Samydaceae Benth.-Hooker). 120 sp. 
trop. 
Casimiroa La Llave. Rutaceae (ix). 2 sp. Cent. Am. 
Cassebeera Kaulf. Polypodiaceae. 3 sp. Brazil. 
Cassia Linn. Leguminosae (11. 5). About 400 sp. trop. and warm 
temp, (except Eur.). Trees, shrubs and herbs with paripinnate leaves 
and stipules of various types. Fir. zygomorphic, but with petals almost 
equal in size. The sta. may be 10, but the 3 upper ones are usually 
reduced to staminodes or absent. The anthers usually open by pores. 
The 5 upper sta. are generally short, whilst the 2 lower are long and 
project outwards. In many sp. two forms of fir. occur, one in which 
the lower sta. project to the left, the other in which they project to the 
right. It was once thought that this was a kind of heterostylism, but 
both types of flr. occur on one plant, and self-fertilisation is common. 
