298 
CEPHALOTAXUS 
Cephalotaxus Sieb. et Zucc. Coniferae (Taxaceae, 4; see C. for genus 
characters). 4 sp. Japan, China. C. Fortunei Hook, is commonly 
grown in shrubberies. All the shoots are of unlimited growth. Firs, 
dioecious, the S in heads in the axils of the leaves of the preceding 
year, the ? stalked, of several pairs of leaves each with a short axillary 
shoot bearing two ovules. Seeds 1 — 2, with fleshy aril. 
Cephalotus Labill. Cephalotaceae. 1 sp., C. follicularis Labill., in 
marshes at King George’s Sound, W. Austr. A most interesting 
plant, having pitchers like those of Nepenthes or Sarracenia, though 
it is not nearly related to either. The lower leaves of the rosette form 
pitchers, the upper are flat and green (cf. this division of labour with 
that found in N. and S.). The pitcher has much the same structure 
as that of N. and catches insects in the same way. [See p. 178.] 
Fir. $ , apetalous. Perianth 6, valvate. Sta. 6 + 6. Cpls. 6, free, 
standing round the apex of the axis, each with 1 (rarely 2) basal erect 
anatropous ovule with dorsal raphe. Follicle with 1 seed; embryo 
small in fleshy endosperm. 
Cerastium Linn. (incl. Moenchia Ehrh.). Caryophyllaceae (11. 1). 50 
to 100 sp. N. temp. 5 or more in Brit, (mouse-ear chickweed). 
Cerasus (Tourn.) Linn. = Prunus Linn. C. Avium Moench., Lauroce- 
rasus Loisel., lusitanicus Loisel., Padus Delarb. = P. Avium, &c. ; 
C. vulgaris Mill. = P. Cerasus. 
CeratoloTous Blume. Palmae (in. 5). 2 sp. Sunda Is. (p. 148). 
Ceratonia Linn. Leguminosae (11. 5). 1 sp. Medit., C . Siliqua L. the 
carob-tree. The pods (Algaroba or St John’s bread) are full of a 
juicy pulp containing sugar and gum, and are largely used for feeding 
domestic animals. The seeds are said to have been the original of the 
carat weights of jewellers. 
Ceratophyllaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Ranales). Only genus 
Ceratophyllum (q>v.). As is usually the case with highly adapted 
water-plants (see p. 158) it is very difficult to decide upon a position 
for the C. in the scheme of classification. The one free cpl. and 
several perianth leaves seem to place them in Ranales, and they are 
distinguished from Nymphaeaceae by the orthotropous ovule, whorled 
leaves, &c. Eichler placed them in Urticinae, Benth. -Hooker as an 
anomalous order of Monochlamydeae. Warming places them in 
Polycarpicae ( = Ranales). 
Ceratophylleae ( Benth. - Hooker) = preceding. 
Ceratophyllum Linn. Ceratophyllaceae. 3 sp. cosmop., of which 
C. demersu?n L. and C. submersum L. occur in Brit, (homworts). 
Water-plants, rootless, with thin stems and whorls of much-divided 
submerged leaves. The plant decays away behind as it grows in 
front, so that vegetative multiplication occurs by the setting free of 
the branches. The old leaves are translucent and horny, whence the 
common name. Winter buds are not formed, the plant merely 
sinking to the bottom in autumn and rising again in spring. 
