302 
CHAMAEDOREA 
Chamaedorea Willd. Palmae (IV. 6). 60 sp. trop. and sub-trop. Am. 
Small re^dy palms, often forming suckers. Dioecious. 
Chamaelaucium Desf. Myrtaceae (3). 11 sp. W. Austr. 
Chamaeorchis Koch. == Herminium Willd. [1 sp. Mts. of Eur., C. (//.) 
alpina Rich. See Muller’s Alpenblumen, p. 73.] 
Chamaerops Linn. Palmae (1. 2). 2 sp. Medit. C. humilis L. is the 
only sp. of palm found in Eur. 
Chavica Miq. — Piper Linn. 
Cheilanthes Sw. Polypodiaceae. 55 sp. trop. and temp., esp. on 
Mts. They are mostly xerophytic and often have the pinnae in- 
curved and the stomata protected by hairs (cf. Empetrum). 
Cheiranthus Linn. Cruciferae (iv. 16). 10 sp. Medit. and N. temp. 
C. Cheiri L., the wall-flower, in Brit. 
Ciieirostemon Humb. et Bonpl. ( Chiranthodendron Larreat.) 1 sp. 
Mexico, C. platanoides H. et B., the Macpalxochitlquahuitl. Firs, 
large; petals o ; sta. 5, united below and spreading out like fingers above. 
Chelidonium Linn. Papaveraceae (11). 1 sp. Brit, to E. As., C . 
majus L., the greater celandine. 
Chelone Linn. Scrophulariaceae (11. 6). 4 sp. N. Am. 
Chenopodiaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Centrospermae). About 75 
gen. with 500 sp. with a peculiar and interesting geographical distri- 
bution, determined by the fact that they are nearly all salt-loving 
(halophilous) plants (p. 169). The 10 chief districts characterised by 
their presence are (according to Bunge), (1) Austr., (2) the Pampas, 
(3) the Prairies, (4) and (5) the Medit. coasts, (6) the Karroo (S. Afr.), 
(7) the Red Sea shores, (8) the S.W. Caspian coast, (9) Centr. As. 
(Caspian to Himalayas — deserts), (10) the salt steppes of E. As. [For 
full discussion see Volkens in Nat. PJ 1 .\ As Schimper and others 
have shown, the presence of large quantities of salt in the soil necessi- 
tates the reduction of the transpiration, so that the plants which grow 
in such situations will exhibit the characters of xerophytes, and such 
is the case with this order. They are mostly herbaceous plants (a few 
shrubs or small trees), with roots which penetrate deeply into the 
soil, and with leaves of various types, usually not large, often fleshy, 
and often covered with hairs. These hairs frequently give a curious 
and very characteristic mealy feeling to the plant. In some halophytes 
of this order, the leaves are altogether suppressed, and the plant has 
curious jointed succulent stems like a miniature cactus ( e.g . Sali- 
cornia). Each 4 4 limb” embraces the next succeeding one by a sort 
of cup at its apex. Even more than in their external form, the C. 
show xerophytic structure in their internal anatomy, for an account of 
which, as well as the peculiar mode of growth in thickness, see 
V olkens in Nat. PJi. 
The infl. is often primarily upon the racemose type, but the partial 
infls. are always cymose, at first often dichasial, but with a tendency 
to the cincinnus form, by preference of the j 3 -bracteole. The firs, are 
