CHIOGENES 
303 
regular, small and inconspicuous, $ or unisexual ; their mode of ferti- 
lisation is not quite clearly understood. Perianth simple, rarely 
absent, persistent after flowering, of 5, 3, 2 (rarely 1 or 4) leaves, more 
or less united, imbricate, sepaloid. Sta. as many as or fewer than 
the perianth segments, opp. to them, hypogynous or on a disc ; 
anthers bent inwards in bud. Ovary superior (semi-inferior in Beta), 
i-loc. with 2 (rarely more) stigmas. Ovule 1, basal, campylotropous. 
Fruit usually a small round nut or achene. Embryo usually sur- 
rounding the endosperm, either simply bent or spirally twisted. Few 
of the order are useful plants ; see Beta, Spinacia, Chenopodium, &c. 
Classification and chief genera (after Volkens). The grouping 
depends on numerous characters and would occupy too much space ; 
the names of the tribes only are therefore given. 
A. CYCLOLOBEAE. Embryo ring-shaped, horseshoe-like, con- 
duplicate or semi-circular, wholly or partially enclosing the endosperm. 
1. Polycnemeae : Polycnemum. 
2. Beteae: Beta. 
3. Chenopodieae : Chenopodium. 
4. Atriplicieae ; Spinacia, Atriplex. 
5. Camphorosmeae : Camphorosma, Kochia. 
6. Corispermeae : Corispermum. 
7. Salic ornieae: Salicornia. 
B. SPIROLOBEAE. Embryo spirally twisted : endosperm 
wanting or divided into two masses by the embryo. 
8. Sarcobatideae : Sarcobatus. 
9. Suaedeae: Suaeda. 
10. Salsoleae : Salsola, Haloxylon, Halimocnemis. 
Benth. -Hooker and Warming include Basellaceae in C., and place 
the order in Curvembryae. 
Chenopodium (Tourn.) Linn. Chenopodiaceae (3). 60 sp. temp. 9 in 
Brit, (goosefoot, lamb’s-quarters, Good King Henry, &c.). The fruit 
in many sp. is dimorphic ; some have horizontal seeds, some vertical 
(esp. on the terminal twigs of the cymes). C. anthelminticum ( am - 
brosioides) L. is the worm-seed or Mexican tea, whose essential oil is 
used as a vermifuge in the U.S. C. Quinoa Willd. is an important 
food plant in S. Am. ; its seeds are boiled like rice. It is also recom- 
mended as a substitute for spinach. 
Cherleria Hall. = Arenaria Linn. 
Chimaphila Pursh. Pyrolaceae. 4 sp. N. temp. 
CMmonanthus Lindl. Calycanthaceae. 1 sp. China, C.fragrans Lindl., 
often placed in Calycanthus. The firs, come out early in the year, 
before the leaves, are very fragrant, and show marked protogyny 
with movement of the sta. 
Chiococca P. Br. Rubiaceae (11. 13). 7 sp. trop. Am. 
Chiogenes Salisb. Ericaceae (11. 5). 1 sp. E. N. Am., t Japan (cf. 
Epigaea). 
