CYTISUS 
345 
the base, in doing which they brush first against the stigma and then 
against the anthers. 
Cyrilla Garden. Cyrillaceae. i sp. Carolina to Brazil, a marsh plant 
with evergreen leaves, and firs, in racemes below them. 
Cyrillaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Sapindales). 3 gen. with 5 sp. 
Am. Evergreen shrubs with alt., exstip. leaves and racemes of £ , 
regular firs. K 5, imbricate, persistent; C 5 or (5), imbricate; A 5 + 5 
or 5, with introrse anthers; G (5 — 2), multi-loc. with 1 (rarely 2 — 4) 
pendulous anatropous ovule in each loc. ; raphe dorsal, micropyle 
facing upwards and inwards. Embryo straight, in endosperm. 
Genera : Cliftonia, Costaea, Cyrilla. Placed in Olacales by Benth.- 
Hooker. 
Cyrtandra Forst. Gesneraceae (1). 180 sp. Is. of Ind, and Pacif. 
Oceans, As. 
Cyrtantlius Ait. Amaryllidaceae (1). 16 sp. S. Afr. 
Cyrtopodium R. Br. Orchidaceae (16). 3 sp. trop. Am. 
Cyrtostylis R. Br. Orchidaceae (4). 2 sp. Austr., N.Z. 
Cystopteris Bernh. Polypodiaceae. 5 sp. alpine and arctic. C.fra- 
gilis Bernh. (bladder-fern) is common in Brit, and C. montana Link 
occurs on a few Scottish Mts. In C. bulbifera Bernh. adventitious 
buds on the petioles give rise to new plants. 
Cytinaceae (Benth. -Hooker) = Rafflesiaceae + Hydnoraceae. Placed in 
Multiovulatae Terrestres. 
Cytinus Linn. Rafflesiaceae. 2 sp. Afr. 
Cytisus Linn. (incl. Sarothamnus Wimm., excl. Laburnum L.). Legu- 
minosae (III. 3). 40 sp. Eur., Medit. C. {S.) scoparius Link, the 
broom, in Brit. The leaves in this sp. are reduced to scales and 
assimilation is chiefly performed by the stems. The flr. has an explo- 
sive mechanism; in general principle this is like that of Genista (q.v.), 
but it differs in detail. The style is very long and there are two 
lengths of sta., so that pollen is shed near the tip of the keel and also 
about half way along its upper side. The stigma is in the extreme 
tip of the keel. When an insect alights on the flr. (there is no honey), 
the keel begins to split from the base towards the tip, and presently 
the pollen of the short sta. is shot out upon the lower surface of the 
visitor; immediately afterwards, the split having reached the tip, the 
other pollen and the style spring violently out and strike the insect on 
the back. As the stigma touches first there is thus a chance of a cros^, 
if the insect bear any pollen. After the visitor’s departure the style 
bends right round and the stigma comes to occupy a position just 
above the short sta., so that another chance of cross-fertilisation is 
afforded if other insects visit the flr. (in most exploding firs, there 
is only the one chance). Other sp. of C. have simple mechanisms like 
Trifolium. The fruit explodes by a twisting of the valves. 
C. Adai 7 ii Poit. is a curious graft-hybrid between C. purpureus 
Scop, and Laburnum vulgare . The latter was used as the stock ; the 
