E LODE A 
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lous with ventral raphe. Style simple, sometimes lobed at apex. 
Fruit a capsule or drupe. Embryo straight, in abundant endosperm. 
Chief genera: Elaeocarpus, Sloanea, Aristotelia. The E. are united 
to Tiliaceae by Benth.-Hooker and Warming; the grounds upon 
which they are separated in Nat . Pfl. are chiefly anatomical. 
Elaeocarpus Burm. ex Linn. Elaeocarpaceae. 60 sp. trop. 
Elaeodendron Jacq. f. Celastraceae. 30 sp. As., Austr., S. Afr., trop. 
Am. Included in Cassine in Nat. Pfl. 
Elaterium Jacq. f. Cucurbitaceae (iv). 12 sp. trop. Am. The fruit is 
explosive like that of Ecballium. 
Elatinaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Parietales). 2 gen. with 30 sp. 
trop. and temp. Undershrubs, herbs, or annual water-plants; the 
latter are able to live on land, altering their structure to suit the 
changed conditions (see p. 20 and cf. Littorella &c.). Leaves opp. 
or whorled, simple with interpetiolar stipules. Firs. $ > regular, 
solitary or in dichasia, 2 — 6-merous. Calyx hypog., free or united. 
Corolla imbricate. Sta. in 2 whorls, or inner aborted. Ovary syn- 
carpous, superior, multiloc. , with simple style. Placentae axile. Ovules 
go , anatropous. Capsule septifragal. Seed straight or curved. 
Endosperm thin or none. Genera: Bergia, Elatine. Placed in 
Guttiferales by Benth.-Hooker, in Cistiflorae by Warming. 
Elatine Linn. Elatinaceae. 14 sp. trop. and temp. E. hexandra DC. 
and E. Hydropiper L., the water peppers or pipe-worts, in Brit, 
(rare). 
Elatineae (Benth.-Hooker) — Elatinaceae. 
Elatostema Forst. Urticaceae. 50 sp. Indo-mal. and E. As. 
Eleocharis R. Br. Cyperaceae (1). 80 sp. cosmop. E. palustris R. Br. 
is common on turfy moors in Brit. The green tissue is centric (p. 182). 
The tubers of E. tuberosa Schult. (E. As.) are used as food. 
Elephantopus Linn. Compositae (1). 16 sp. trop. Am., W. Afr. 
Elettaria Maton. -Zingiberaceae. 1 sp. India to Java, E. Cardamo- 
mum Maton. The firs, are borne on leafless shoots springing from the 
rhizome. The dried seeds are known as Cardamoms, and are used 
as a condiment. 
Eleusine Gaertn. Gramineae (xi). 6 sp. trop. and sub-trop. E . cor a - 
cana Gaertn. is used as a cereal, and several are useful fodder-grasses. 
Elisma Buchen. Alismaceae. 1 sp. Eur. (incl. Brit.), Syria, E. natans 
Buchen. 
Ellisia Linn. Hydrophyllaceae. 4 sp. N. Am. 
Elodea Michx. Hydrocharitaceae. 6 sp. Am., of which the chief is 
E. canadensis Michx., the American water- weed, which arrived in 
Brit, about 1842 and rapidly spread over almost all the inland waters 
of western Europe. Only the ? plant is known in Europe, and all the 
spreading is therefore due to vegetative multiplication chiefly by the 
breaking off of twigs. It is a submerged plant, slightly rooted, with 
whorls of leaves, in whose axils are found the squamulae usual in 
