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this group of plants. The <? flower has P 6, A 9; it breaks off as a 
bud and comes to the surface (cf. Vallisneria), where it opens. The 
ovary of the $ flr. grows to such a length as to bring the flr. to the sur- 
face, where it is pollinated. It has P 6, staminodes 3, G (3), and is 
enclosed below in a 2 -leaved spathe. The plant is very hardy and 
does not form a true winter bud ; the leaves are merely a little more 
closely grouped together. 
Elymus Linn. Gramineae (xn). 30 sp. temp. E. arenarius L., the lyme 
grass, occurs on sand-dunes in Brit. (cf. Ammophila and see p. 186); 
its leaves are coated with wax, but do not roll up in dry air. 
Embelia Burm. f. Myrsinaceae (11). 60 sp. trop. 
Embothrium Forst. Proteaceae (11). 5 sp. Andes, Chili, E. Austr. 
Emex Neck. Polygonaceae (1. 2). 1 sp. Medit., S. Afr., Austr. The 
fruit is surrounded by the perianth, 3 of whose leaves are spiny. 
Empetraceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Sapindales). 3 gen. with 4sp., 
widely scattered over the N. Hemisph. and in the Andes. They 
occupy similar positions to the Ericaceae, and have a heath-like habit. 
The leaves are incurved backwards, forming a cavity on the under 
side, into which the stomata open, and which is partly filled up by 
hairs. The infl. is racemose and usually dioecious. In all but Corema 
the firs, are on ‘ short shoots ’ which arise laterally from the main 
axis and bear only scales below the infl. K 3, C 3, A 3, G (2 — 9). 
Loculi = cpls. ; ovules 1 in each, anatropous or nearly campylotropous, 
erect on axile placenta, with ventral raphe. Fruit a drupe with 2 — 9 
stones. Seed albuminous with no caruncle. The nearest related 
orders are Euphorbiaceae and Celastraceae or Buxaceae, but the 
family has been placed in various positions by different authors, e.g. 
by Benth. -Hooker (p. 156). Genera : Corema, Empetrum, Ceratiola. 
Empetrum (Tourn.) Linn. Empetraceae. The only sp., E. nigrum 
L. the crow-berry, is found on moors in the N. temp, zone (incl. Brit.) 
and in the Andine chain. For habit, flr., &c., see order. The flr. is 
dioecious and anemophilous, but it sometimes is g and protandrous, 
and is said to be visited by flies. 
Enantioblastae (Warming). The 4th cohort of Monocotyledons. 
Encepbalartos Lehm. Cycadaceae. 12 sp. Afr. The Kaffirs prepare 
a meal from the pith (cf. Cycas). 
Entada Adans. Leguminosae (1. 5). n sp. trop. E. scandens Benth. 
is a common climber of trop. Am. Its pods, which are about 4 feet 
long, are sometimes carried to Eur. by the Gulf Stream. 
Entelia R. Br. Tiliaceae. 1 sp. N. Z. (p. 148). The wood is very 
light, and is used for floats, &c. 
Epacridaceae. Dicotyledons (Sympet. Ericales). 21 gen. with about 
320 sp., found chiefly in Austr. and Tasmania, where they represent 
the Ericaceae of other continents, but extending also to India, N. Z., 
and S. Am. They resemble the Ericaceae (sect. IV.) closely in habit 
and appearance, being mostly small shrubs, sparingly branched, with 
