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E UP HO RBI A CEAE 
branched sta. Phyllanthus cyclanthera has the sta. united, with a 
ring-like common anther. G usually (3), with axile placentae, and 3 
loc. Styles usually 2-lobed. The ovules are constant throughout the 
family and form its best distinctive feature ; they are 1 or 2 in each 
loc., collateral, pendulous, anatropous, with ventral raphe. The micro- 
pyle is usually covered by a caruncle, which is also found on the seed. 
The fruit is almost invariably a ‘ schizocarp-capsule.’ It splits into 
cpls. often elastically, and at the same time each cpl. opens ventrally, 
letting the seed escape. Seed albuminous. 
Most E. are poisonous. Several are important economic plants, 
e.g. Manihot (rubber, cassava), Hevea (rubber), Croton, Ricinus, &c. 
Classification and chief genera (after Pax) : 
A. PLATYLOBEAE (cotyledons much broader than radicle): 
I. PHYLLANTHOIDEAE (ovules 2 per loc.; no latex): 
1. Phyllantheae (embryo large, little shorter than endosperm; $ 
calyx imbricate) : Phyllanthus. 
2. Bridelieae (do., but S calyx valvate) : Bridelia. 
3. Daphniphylleae (embryo short, 4 — 6 times shorter than endo- 
sperm): Daphniphyllum. 
II. CROTONOIDEAE (ovules 1 per loc.; latex usually present): 
1. Crotoneae (sta. bent inwards in bud): Croton. 
2. Acalypheae (sta. erect in bud; fir. usually apetalous; <? calyx 
valvate ; infl. a raceme, spike, or panicle, axillary or termi- 
nal): Mercurialis, Acalypha, Ricinus, Dalechampia. 
3. Jatropheae (do.; infl. a dichasial panicle): Hevea, Jatropha. 
4. Manihoteae (do.; infl. a simple terminal spike or raceme): 
Manihot. 
5. Cluytieae ( $ calyx imbricate; <? firs, with petals, in groups or 
cymes, these partial infls. axillary or in complex infls.): 
Codiaeum. 
6. Gelonieae (do. but apetalous): Gelonium. 
7. Hippomaneae { do.; apetalous; infl. axillary or terminal, spike- 
like, the partial infls. cymes): Stillingia, Hura. 
8. Enphorbieae (cyathium): Anthostema, Euphorbia. 
B. STENOLOBEAE (cotyledons as wide as radicle): 
I. PORANTHEROIDEAE (ovules 2 per loc.) : Poranthera. 
II. RICINOCARPOIDEAE (ovules 1 per loc.): Ricinocarpus. 
[E. are placed in Unisexuales by Benth. -Hooker, in Tricoccae by 
Warming.] 
Euphrasia Linn. Scrophulariaceae (ill. 12). 50 sp. extra-trop. E. 
officinalis L. (eyebright) is common in Brit. Semi-parasites with 
loose-pollen firs, (see order). The 4 anthers lie close under the upper 
lip of the fir. ; the two upper cohere together and also the upper on 
each side to the low^er on the same side ; the lower lobe of each anther 
has a projecting spine. Insects probing for honey shake these spines 
and receive upon their heads a shower of pollen from among the 
