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385 
Flacourtiaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Parietales). 70 gen. with 500 
sp. of trop. (a few subtrop.) trees and shrubs. They have mostly alt. 
stip. leathery leaves, frequently more or less two ranked. The firs, 
are solitary or in racemose, cymose, or mixed infls., and are very 
commonly unisexual. The axis is convex, and between petals and 
sta. it forms a disc or gives rise to various effigurations, commonly 
glands or scales. The fir. is 4 — 5* (or more) merous, usually regular, 
sometimes apetalous. Sta. 00, sometimes united into ante-petalous 
groups, the anthers almost always opening by lateral slits. Ovary 
superior or semi-inferior, i-loc., with 2 — 8 (usually 3 — 5) parietal pla- 
centae, which often project far into the cavity. Ovules 00 , always 
anatropous. Styles as many as placentae, or united. Fruit usually a cap- 
sule or berry. Embryo straight, in copious endosperm. Chief genera: 
Erythrospermum, Oncoba, Homalium, Myroxylon, Azara, Flacourtia, 
Casearia. Benth.-Hooker and Warming unite F. to Bixineae. 
Flagellaria Linn. Flagellariaceae. 2 sp. trop. Afr., As., Fiji. 
Flagellariaceae. Monocotyledons (Farinosae). 3 gen. (Flagellaria, &c.) 
with 8 sp., trop. Afr., As., Indo-mal., &c. See Nat. Ff. 
Fleurya Gaudich. Urticaceae (1). 8 sp. trop. 
Flindersia R. Br. Rutaceae (vii). 12 sp. E. Austr., New Caled., 
Amboina. Placed in Meliaceae by Benth.-Hooker. 
Foeniculum Tourn. ex Linn. Umbelliferae (6). 3 sp. Medit., Eur. F. 
vulgare Mill, (fennel) on sea-cliffs in Brit. The fruit of F. officinale 
All. is used as a condiment and the young leaves are eaten as a 
vegetable. 
Fontanesia Labill. Oleaceae (1. 1). 1 sp. Sicily to Palestine. 
Forestiera Poir. Oleaceae (1. 3). 14 sp. Am. 
Forskohlea Linn. Urticaceae (5). 5 sp. Medit., Afr., E. Ind. 
Forsythia Vahl. Oleaceae (1. 2). 2 sp. China, often cultivated against 
walls. 
Fothergilla Murr. Hamamelidaceae. 2 sp. Kashmir and atlantic N. 
Am. Firs, apetalous; sta. numerous. 
Fouquieria H. B. et K. Tamaricaceae. 3 sp. Mex., Calif., Texas. 
Shrubs with deciduous leaves, whose midrib . persists and forms a 
thorn (cf. Caesalpinia, Combretaceae, &c.). Gamopetalous. F. 
splendens Engelm., the ocotilla or coach- whip, is used in hedge 
making. 
Fourcroya Spreng. =Furcraea Vent. 
Fragaria (Tourn.) Linn. Rosaceae (ill. 6 b). 8 sp. N. temp, and Andes. 
F. vesca L., the wild strawberry in Brit. Vegetative propagation 
by runners (p. 153) is well shown in this plant. The fir. is proto- 
gynous, and has an epicalyx. The fruit is composed of a number of 
achenes (the so-called seeds of the strawberry) borne upon a fleshy 
receptacle. The fir. bends downwards after fertilisation to ripen the 
fruit. Several sp. are in cultivation for the sake of the fruit. In 
America the cultivated forms become dioecious or polygamous. 
W. 
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