386 
FRANCOA 
Francoa Cav. Saxifragaceae (ii). 2 sp. Chili. See order. 
Frangulinae (Warming). The 16th cohort of Choripetalae. 
Frankenia Linn. Frankeniaceae. 31 sp. sea-coasts, temp, and sub- 
trop. F. laevis L., sea-heath, in Brit. They are halophytes (see p. 
169) with inrolled hairy leaves (cf. Empetrum, &c.). 
Frankeniaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Parietales). 4 gen. with 34 
sp. of salt-loving plants, trop. and temp. Herbs with jointed stems; 
leaves opp., inrolled, exstipulate (?). Firs. 'in dichasia, g , regular. K 
(4 — 7), C 4 — 7, A usually 6 in two whorls, sta. slightly united at base. 
G usually (3), i-loc. with parietal placentae, only the lower parts of 
which bear ovules. Ovules 00 , anatropous, ascending. Style forked. 
Capsule loculicidal. Mealy endosperm. Embryo straight. Chief 
genera : Frankenia, Niederleinia. The order is closely related to 
Tamaricaceae and Guttiferae; the agreement with Caryophyllaceae, 
near to which it is sometimes placed, e.g. by Benth.- Hooker, is more 
in habit than in structure. It is placed in Cistiflorae by Warming. 
Fraxinus Tourn. ex Linn. Oleaceae (1. 1). About 40 sp. esp. N. Am., 
E. As., and Medit. F. excelsior L., the common ash, is found in 
Brit. It has large pinnate leaves, with grooved petioles. Water is 
said to enter this groove and be absorbed by the leaf ; the hollow is 
usually inhabited by acarids; thus forming a ‘domatium’ (see p. 115 
and Ludwig, Biologie, p. 273, &c.). The firs, appear before the leaves 
in densely crowded short racemes. Each $ flr. consists merely of 2 
sta. at right angles to 2 cpls., and is anemophilous ; but polygamy is 
the rule in this sp. and every possible combination of the three types 
of flr. ( ^ , <? , ? ) occurs in various places, sometimes all on one tree, 
or two on one and one on another, and so on. The fruit is a samara 
or one-seeded nut with terminal wing aiding in wind distribution. 
F. Ornus L., the ‘flowering ash’ of S. Eur., has calyx and corolla. 
The wood of the ash is valuable on account of its firm elastic 
nature. 
The weeping ash is a variety propagated vegetatively from a single 
tree which appeared as a sport at Wimpole in Cambridgeshire. 
Freesia Klatt. Iridaceae (111). 2 sp. Cape Col. Favourite greenhouse 
firs, on account of their delicious scent. 
Frenela Mirb. = Callitris Vent. 
Freycinetia Gaudich. Pandanaceae. 30 sp. E. Ind., Polynes. Most 
are climbing shrubs with infl. and flr. like those of Pandanus. The 
bracts are fleshy and usually brightly coloured. In Java, Burck ob- 
served in one sp. pollination effected by a bat ( Pteropus edulis) which 
devoured the coloured bracts ; in so doing it received pollen upon its 
head and carried it to the female flr. Fruit a berry, not, as in Pan- 
danus, a drupe. 
Freylinia Colla. Scrophulariaceae (11. 6). 2 sp. S. Afr. 
Fritillaria (Tourn.) Linn. Liliaceae (v). 40 sp. N. temp. F. Melea- 
gris L. , snake’s head, in Brit. Honey is secreted by large nectaries at 
