HA CQUETJA 
405 
in which the ova are contained develope at the micropylar end. 
The ovule is now mature and consists of an integument, nucellus, and 
€mbryo-sac and its contents. 
In most Conifers the sporogenous tissue consists only of the cell 
which goes to form the embryo-sac. In the sac the same process 
goes on as in Cycads. 
In Ephedra the phenomena are very similar to those in Conifers ; 
in Gnetum several embryo-sacs are formed, and the division of the 
nucleus of the sac gives rise, not to a proth alius as in the cases above 
described, but to a number of free nuclei lying on the wall of the sac. 
The male nucleus fuses with one of these and the rest then give rise 
to the endosperm. Here we have an intermediate phase between 
Conifers or Cycads and Angiosperms, more especially some of the 
Chalazogamae (q. v.). 
The pollen-grains come to rest on the nucellus ; in some cases the 
$ nuclei take the form of spermatozoids (Ann. of Bot . xi. 1897, 
p. 344). The relationships and classification of the G. are hard to 
decide. Probably Ginkgo, usually included in Coniferae, should have 
a class apart. [ Cf Angiospermae, Chalazogamae, Pteridophyta, 
Spermaphyta, Cycadaceae, Coniferae, Gnetaceae, Ginkgo; Celakovsky 
in Engl. Jahrb. xxiv. ; Coulter in Bot. Gaz. xxvi. 1898, p. 153; 
Kolkwitz (Litteraturbericht) in Engl. Jahrb. xxix. ; Karsten (on 
Juglandaceae) in Flora , 90, p. 316; Oliver in Ann. of Bot. xvn, 
1 9°3, P- 45 1 '? Scott, quoted above; Seward and Gowan in Ann. of 
Bot. xiv. 1900, p. 108.] 
Gymnosporia Benth. et Hook. f. Celastraceae. 60 sp. trop. and sub- 
trop., esp. Afr. Many have branches modified into thorns. 
Gynandropsis DC. (Pedicellaria Schrank). Capparidaceae (1). 15 sp. 
trop. The seeds of G. pentaphylla DC. are used like mustard. 
Gynerium Humb. et Bonpl. Gramineae (x). 3 sp. trop. and vrarm 
temp. G. argenteum Nees is the Pampas grass, often cultivated as a 
show plant. It is dioecious. 
Gypsophila Linn. Caryophyllaceae (1. 2). 50 sp. Eur., As., esp. in 
E. Medit. region. The firs, are shorter in the tube than those 01 
most Silenoideae, and are in consequence visited by a greater variety 
of insects. 
Habenaria Willd. (incl. Bonatea Willd., Coeloglossum Hartm., Gymna- 
denia R. Br., Neotinea Rchb. f., Nigritella Rich., Platanthera 
Rich., and other gen. often regarded as separate, e.g. by Pfitzer in 
Nat. PJl.) Orchidaceae (3). 400 sp. temp, and trop.; 5 in Brit., 
H. ( C .) viridis R. Br. (frog-orchis), H. (G.) conopsea Benth. (scented 
orchis), H. (P.) bifolia R. Br. (butterfly orchis), &c. See Darwin’s 
Orchids. 
Hablitzia Bieb. Chenopodiaceae (2). 1 sp. Caucasus. A climbing 
shoot is given off each year from the perennial underground stem (cf. 
Bowiea). 
Habrothamnus Endl. = Cestrum Linn. 
Hacquetia Neck. Umbel liferae (3). 1 sp. S. Eur. 
