418 
ILEX 
appears $ • Truly $ firs, sometimes occur. I. paraguensis A. St Hil. 
is the Mate or Paraguay tea, largely used in S. Am. The leaves 
contain caffeine ; they are dried, broken up and used like tea. 
Ilicineae (Benth. -Hooker) = Aquifoliaceae. 
Illecebraceae (Benth. -Hooker) = Paronychiaceae of other authors. Now 
placed in Caryophyllaceae (q-v.). 
Illecebrum Rupp, ex Linn. Caryophyllaceae (n. 4). 1 sp. W. Eur. 
(inch Devon and Cornwall), Medit., W. Afr. 
Illicium Linn. Magnoliaceae (3). ysp. Am., As. /. verum Hook. fil. 
the star-anise (China), is used for flavouring on account of the aromatic 
oil it contains, especially in the fruit. There is a gradual transition 
in the spiral perianth from sepaloid to petaloid structure (cf. Nym- 
phaea). The fruit is an aggregate of follicles. 
Illipe F. Muell. = Bassia Koenig. 
Impatiens Riv. ex Linn. Balsaminaceae. 140 sp. trop. and N. temp. 
M any sp. of balsam are in cultivation, e.g. I. Noli-tangere L., the touch- 
me-not. The name is derived from the explosive fruit. It is a capsule 
with fleshy pericarp ; the outer layers of cells are highly turgid and thus 
a great strain is put upon the whole. Dehiscence is septifragal and is 
started by the least touch when the fruit is ripe. The valves roll up 
inwards with great violence (starting at the base) and the seeds are 
scattered in all directions. 
Incarvillea Juss. Bignoniaceae (11). 5 sp. E. and Cent. As. Leaves alt. 
Incompletae (Benth. -Hooker) = Monochlamydeae (seep. 135). 
Indigofera Linn. Leguminosae (in. 6). 250 sp. trop. I. tinctoria 
L. and I. Anil L. furnish indigo. The plant is mown just before 
flowering, and soaked in water, whereby a yellowish solution is 
obtained. This on stirring and exposure to the air oxidises, and an 
insoluble precipitate of indigo is formed. The firs, are slightly explo- 
sive (cf. Genista). 
Inferae (Benth. -Hooker). The 1st series of Gamopetalae. 
Inga Scop. Leguminosae (1. 1). 140 sp. trop. and sub-trop. Am. 
Inula Linn. Compositae (iv). 90 sp. Eur., As., Afr. (4 in Brit.). The 
root of I. Helenium L., the elecampane, is officinal. 
Iochroma Benth. Solanaceae (11. 2). 15 sp. trop. Am. I. macrocalyx 
Miers shows a mode of protection of the flower-buds, similar to that in 
Spathodea, by watery secretion between calyx and corolla. 
Ionidium Vent. Violaceae. 50 sp. trop. and sub-trop. The roots of 
/. Ipecacuanha Vent, are used in medicine under the name of white 
Ipecacuanha, in the same way as the true drug (see Psychotria). 
Ionopsidium Rchb. = Cochlearia Toum. 1 sp. Portugal, 7. acaule Rchb. 
with solitary firs, in the axils of radical leaves. 
Ionopsis H. B. et K. Orchidaceae (28). 10 sp. trop. Am., epiphytes. 
Ipecacuanha Arruda = Psychotria Linn. 
Ipomoea Linn. (incl. Aniseia Choisy, Batatas Choisy, Calonyction 
Choisy, Exogonium Choisy, Mina Cerv. , Operculina Silva Manso, 
