LITTORELLA 
446 
and show distinct dorsiventral structure. The firs, are borne in 
groups of 3, one S on a long stalk between two sessile ? firs. The 
stigmas of the latter are ripe before the sta. emerge from the former. 
Both sta. and style are very long and the firs, are wind-pollinated. Fruit 
a nut. The water form has much larger leaves which grow erect and 
are cylindrical (centric) in form and internal structure ; no firs, are 
produced, but the plant multiplies largely by the formation of runners. 
It is common on the shores of lakes in Brit, and is often mistaken for 
Isoetes. 
Livistona R. Br. Palmae (1. 2). 12 so. Indo-mal., Austr. Tall trees 
with fan leaves and panicles of $ firs. Fruit a berry. 
Lloydia Salisb. Liliaceae (v). 5 sp. N. temp. Z. serotina Sweet 
(Z. alpina Salisb.) on Snowdon. See Muller’s Alpenblumen. 
Loasa Adans. Loasaceae. 81 sp. Mexico and S. Am., chiefly Mts. of 
Chili and Peru. Several sp. are cultivated for their handsome firs. ; 
they possess, however, stinging hairs. The firs, are generally yellow 
and face downwards. The nectaries, formed of combined staminodes 
(see order), are large and conspicuous. The petals are boat-shaped 
and conceal the groups of sta. The firs, are visited by many insects. 
Z. triloba Juss. has, according to Gilg, cleistogamic firs, on the lower 
branches. 
Loasaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Parietales). 13 gen. with 120 sp. 
Andine plants, many of w'hich are favourites in gardens. They are 
mostly herbs, frequently twining, with opp. or alt., rarely stip., leaves. 
The epidermis bears hairs of various kinds; especially common are 
grapple-hairs and stinging-hairs, the latter frequently rather formid- 
able. The firs, are usually in cymes, often sympodial, yellow (rarely 
wLite or red), $ , usually 5-merous. The receptacle is deeply hollowed 
out, so that the fir. is epigynous. K 5, imbricate; C 5, free or united; 
A 5 — 00. In the genera with 00 sta. there is much difference as to 
the arrangement. In Mentzelia they are evenly distributed round the 
style, the outermost in some sp. being sterile. In other genera it is 
the ante-sepalous sta. that are sterile, and in some, e.g. Loasa, 
Blumenbachia, 3 or more of the staminodes are united to form a 
large coloured nectary, wdiose mouth is towards the centre of the fir. 
and partly obstructed by the other staminodes. Ovary inferior, of 1 
or more commonly 3 — 5 cpls., with parietal placentation ; ovules 1, 
several, or 00, anatropous, with one integument; style simple. Fruit 
various, often a capsule, sometimes spirally twdsted. Endosperm 
or not. 
Classification and chief genera (after Gilg) : 
I. GRONOVIOIDEAE (ovary of 1 cpl.): Gronovia. 
II. MENTZELIOIDEAE (> 1 cpl. ; no staminodes, or at least 
not nectariferous scales) : Mentzelia. 
III. LOASOIDEAE (> 1 cpl.; staminodes present, often united 
to form nectariferous scales) : Loasa, Blumenbachia. 
