L Y C OPODINEA E 
45i 
of ill-defined limits, divided in Nat . PJi. under several of the genera 
named. 40 sp. N. temp.; 6 in Brit., including Z. Flos-cuculi L. 
(ragged robin), Z. dioica L. (red campion), Z. Viscaria L. (catch- 
fly) and Z. Githago Scop, (corn-cockle). The firs, are protandrous, 
and adapted to bees and Lepidoptera. The catch-fly gets its name 
from the glandular hairs upon the stalks. Z. dioica is dioecious, and 
the female plant is much stouter and of coarser growth than the male 
(a parallel, but not a homologue, of the usual state of things in 
animals). The firs, often show the sta. filled with a black or brown 
powder, instead of pollen; this consists of the spores of the fungus 
Ustilago ant her arum, which are thus distributed from plant to plant, 
like pollen, by the visiting insects. 
Lycium Linn. Solanaceae (11). 70 sp. temp. Many have thorny twigs ; 
Z. afrum L. (Kaffir thorn) is used for hedges in S. Afr. Z. barbarunt 
L. is often cultivated under the name tea-plant. 
Lycopersicum Hill. Solanaceae (11). 10 sp. S. Am. Z. esculentum 
Mill. ( Solanum Lycopersicum L.) is the tomato or love-apple, culti- 
vated for its fruit. Included in Solanum in Nat. PJi. 
Lycopodiaceae. Lycopodinae (Homosporous). 2 genera (Lycopodium, 
Phylloglossum) with 95 sp., trop. and temp. Of these all but one 
belong to Lycopodium itself. The fertilised ovum gives rise directly 
to the leafy plant ; the embryo has a suspensor and a foot ; and its 
upper part at first forms a tuber-like organ, th z protocorm, from which 
the leaves and stem develope. In P. the stem is short and un- 
branched, in L. long and much branched, bearing small simple 
leaves, and roots developed in acropetal succession. The sporangia 
are axillary, and form as a rule a dense terminal cone or strobilus. 
The spores are all of one kind and give rise on germination to fairly 
large monoecious prothalli. 
Lycopodineae. One of the main divisions of Pteridophyta. They are 
mostly leafy plants, with well developed stems and small unbranched 
leaves. The sporophylls are usually massed together into cones, 
recalling to mind those of the Gymnosperms. They are classified as 
follows. 
A. Homosporous. 
1. Lycopodiaceae: Roots present; sporangia simple, in axils 
of leaves which are more or less modified. 
2. Psilotaceae: No roots; sporangia plurilocular, sunk in 
tissue of bilobed sporophylls. 
B. Heterosporous. 
3. Selaginellaceae : Stem long, leaves small ; sporangia in 
leaf axils. 
4. Lsoetaceae : Stem tuberous, leaves awl-shaped, with spo- 
rangia sunk in their bases. 
The position of order 4 is very doubtful, and it is often placed 
in Filicineae Eusporangiatae. 
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