454 
LY THRUM 
the general methods favouring cross-fertilisation. [See Darwin, loc, 
cit ., Loew, Einfiihrung in die Bliitenbiologie, and p. 95.] 
Maba Forst. Ebenaceae. 63 sp. trop. and subtrop. The wood of 
some sp. is used as a substitute for ebony. Fruit of some sp. edible. 
Macadamia F. Muell. Proteaceae (11). 3 sp. Austr. (nut-tree). The 
seeds are edible, tasting like filberts. 
Macaranga Thou. Euphorbiaceae (A. 11. 2). 90 sp. Old World trop. 
M. caladifolia Becc. has hollow peduncles inhabited by ants (p. 1 1 5). 
Macfadyena A. DC. Bignoniaceae (1). 8 sp. S. Am. 
Machaerium Pers. Leguminosae (ill. 8). 60 sp. trop. Am. Resem- 
bles Dalbergia. Many are lianes, climbing by sensitive lateral shoots, 
and provided with recurved stipular thorns (see p. 172). 
Mackaya Harv. = Asystasia Blume. 
Macleania Hook. Ericaceae (ill. 8). 12 sp. W. trop. Am. 
Macleya Rchb. = Bocconia Linn. 
Maclura Nutt. Moraceae (1). 1 sp. South-west U.S., M . aurantiaca 
Nutt., the bow-wood or Osage orange. The tree bears thorns 
(branches). Firs, dioecious, the S in pseudo-racemes, the ? in pseudo- 
heads. The individual firs, are like those of Morus. After fertilisation 
each ? fir. produces an achene enclosed in the fleshy perianth, and at 
the same time the common receptacle swells up into a fleshy mass, so 
that a large yellow multiple fruit is formed. The wood is used for 
bows, carriage-poles, &c. The leaves are used for feeding silkworms. 
[For M. tifictoria D. Don, &c., see Chlorophora.] 
Macroplectrum Pfitz. = Angraecum Bory. 
Macrozamia Miq. Cycadaceae. 14 sp. Austr. 
Madia Molina. Compositae (v). 12 sp. W. Am. 
Maerua Forsk. Capparidaceae (ill). 20 sp. trop. Afr., As. The 
fruit is a berry, constricted between the seeds like a lomentum. 
Maesa Forsk. Myrsinaceae (ill). 35 sp. trop., except Am. 
Magnolia Linn. Magnoliaceae (1). 21 sp. As., N. Am. (esp. trop.). 
Trees with sheathing stipules covering the bud, and terminal firs. 
The perianth is petaloid, except sometimes the outermost leaves, and 
is in whorls. The sta. and cpls. are 00 , on a lengthened torus. The 
flr. is protogynous, and in the sp. usually grown in England is said to 
act as a ‘trap flower’ (p. 98). The petals at first, while the stigmas 
are ripe, stand vertically, leaving only a small opening into the flr. 
Insects resort to it (? beetles) for honey and shelter, and are unable to 
escape until the second stage supervenes, when, the anthers having 
shed their pollen, the flr. opens widely. The fruit is an aggregate of 
follicles; each dehisces by its doj'sal suture, and the seed dangles 
out of it on a long thread formed by the unravelling of the spiral 
vessels of the funicle. The outer integument of the ovule becomes 
fleshy as it ripens, and the seeds may thus be distributed by birds. 
Several sp. are cultivated for their magnificent firs. 
Magnoliaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Ranales). 9 gen. with 70 sp. 
