MALPIGHIA 
455 
of trop. and sub-trop. trees and shrubs (some climbing). They have 
alt. leaves, which in the Magnolieae have big stipules, united to form 
a thimble-like hood, covering in the bud all the younger leaves. As each 
leaf expands it throws off the hood of the next older leaf. The firs, are 
terminal (in most sp.) or axillary, usually solitary, £ or unisexual. In the 
Magnolieae the perianth is cyclic, in the rest of the order it is spiral, 
as are the sta. and cpls. throughout. The perianth is usually petaloid. 
Sta. oo, hypogynous. Cpls. usually oo , on a long torus. Fruit a 
follicle, berry, or samara. Seed albuminous, the endosperm not 
ruminate. The timber of most M. is good. Illicium, &c., furnish 
economic products. Magnolia and Liriodendron are cultivated for 
tfieir firs. &c. 
Classification and chief genera (after Prantl). 
A. Leaves with stipular hoods : 
1. Magnolieae: Magnolia, Liriodendron. 
B. Leaves without hoods : 
2. Schizandreae (climbing): Kadsura, Schizandra. 
3. Illicieae (erect) : Illicium, Drimys. 
Mahernia Linn. Sterculiaceae. 30 sp. S. Afr. Included in Her- 
mannia in Nat. Pfl. 
Mahonia Nutt. =Berberis Linn. 
Maianthemum Weber. Liliaceae (vn). 1 sp. N. temp. (incl. Brit.), 
M. Bifolium DC. (M. Convallaria Weber). Fir. 2-merous, proto- 
gynous. 
Maieta Aubl. Melastomaceae (1). 8sp. trop. Am. Some have bladdery 
outgrowths of the leaves inhabited by ants (cf. Duroia). 
Malachium Fries = Stellaria Linn. 
Malachra Linn. Malvaceae (111). 5 sp. trop. Am. 
Malacocarpus Salm-Dyck = Echinocactus Link et Otto. 
Malacothrix DC. Compositae (xm). 15 sp. Calif. 
Malaxis Soland. ex Sw. Orchidaceae (8). 1 sp. N. temp, (inch Brit.), 
M. paludosa Sw. The fir. is twisted through 360°, so that the la- 
bellum is again uppermost. Perhaps some ancestral form exhibited 
the usual orchid pattern. See Darwin’s Orchids , p. 130. 
Malcomia R. Br. (Malcolmia Spreng). Cruciferae (iv. 18). 3c sp. Medit. 
Malesherbia Ruiz et Pav. Malesherbiaceae. 18 sp. west S. Am. 
Malesherbiaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Parietales). 1 gen., Males- 
herbia. United to Passifloraceae by Benth.-Hooker; it differs from 
P. in having no aril and in having the styles more deeply inserted and 
widely separated. It differs from Turneraceae in having no aril, in 
the aestivation of the corolla, and in the persistent receptacle. 
Mallotus Lour. Euphorbiaceae (A. II. 2). 80 sp. Old World trop. 
Malope Linn. Malvaceae (1). 3 sp. Medit. The 3 leaves of the 
epicalyx are very large. Cpls. 00 , in vertical rows (see order). 
MalpigMa Plum, ex Linn. Malpighiaceae (11). 20 sp. trop. Am. Not 
climbers. Some sp. have stinging hairs ; some have cleistogamic firs. 
