MANGIFERA 
457 
branching of the inner whorl of sta. (the outer is usually absent), all 
united below into a tube which is joined to the petals and at first sight 
makes the corolla appear gamopetalous ; the anthers are monothecous 
{i.e. each = half an anther), the pollen grains spiny. G(i — oo) fre- 
quently (5), multi-loc., with axile placentae. In sub-order I a division 
of the cpls. by horizontal transverse walls occurs, producing vertical 
rows of one-ovuled portions. Ovules 1 — 00 in each cpl., anatropous, 
usually ascending, sometimes pendulous. Malvaviscus has a berry, 
the rest of the order dry fruits, either capsules or schizocarps. Em- 
bryo usually curved, surrounded by endosperm. The firs, are generally 
protandrous (see Malvaand Goethea). Gossypium (cotton), Hibiscus, 
and others are of economic value. Many are garden favourites. 
Classification and chief genera (after Schumann): Bentham and 
Hooker unite Bombacaceae to Malvaceae and place them in cohort 
Malvales. Warming places M. in Columniferae. 
A. Cpls. in vertical rows. 
I. Malopeae: Malope, Kitaibelia. 
B. Cpls. in one plane. 
II. Malveae (schizocarp; styles as many as cpls.): Abu- 
tilon, Lavatera, Althaea, Malva, Anoda. 
III. Ureneae (schizocarp; styles twice as many as cpls.): 
Urena, Goethea, Pavonia. 
IV. Hibisceae (capsule) : Hibiscus, Gossypium. 
Malvales. The 18th cohort (Engler) of Archichlamydeae (p. 129). 
The 6th cohort (Benth.-Hooker) of Polypetalae (p. 133). 
Malvastrum A. Gray. Malvaceae (11). 70 sp. Am. and S. Afr. 
Malvaviscus Dill, ex Adans. Malvaceae (ill). 10 sp. trop. Am. 
Mammea Linn. Guttiferae (iv). 1 sp. W. Ind., M. americana L., 
largely cultivated for its edible fruit, the Mammee or St. Domingo 
apricot. The firs, are used in preparing a liqueur (eau de Creole). 
Mammillaria Haw. (incl. Anhalonium Lem.). Cactaceae (1. 2). 360 
sp. trop. Am. Mostly small plants of very condensed form, often 
almost spherical in outline, with well-marked mammillae (see order). 
There is a division of the growing point into two in the course of 
formation of the mammilla, and the part at the base of the mammilla 
(i.e. in the axil) gives rise to the fir. The gynoeceum elongates after 
fertilisation so that the tip of the long red berry is raised clear of the 
thorns. In some sp. vegetative reproduction and dispersal occurs 
by the mammillae breaking off and blowing about or adhering to 
animals. The fruit is edible. 
Mandevilla Lindl. Apocynaceae (11. 4). 30 sp. trop. and sub-trop. Am. 
Mandragora (Tourn.) Linn. Solanaceae (11). 3 sp. Medit., Himal. 
(mandrake). For the superstitions connected with this plant, see 
Treas . of Bot. 
Manettia Muds. Rubiaceae (1. 4). 24 sp. trop. Am. 
Mangifera Linn. Anacardiaceae (1). 27 sp. Indo-mal. M. indica L. 
