470 
MONIZIA 
Monizia Lowe = Thapsia Linn. 
Monnina Ruiz et Pav. Polygalaceae. 60 sp. Mexico to Chili. One of 
the two cpls. is usually rudimentary. Fruit indehiscent. 
Monochaetum Naud. Melastomaceae (i). 30 sp. W. trop. Am. Sta. 
dimorphous. The style, at first bent downwards, moves slowly up 
till horizontal. 
Monochlamydeae (Benth. -Hooker). One of the chief divisions of Dico- 
tyledons (p. 135). 
Monocosmia Fenzl. Portulacaceae. 1 sp. Chili. 
Monocotyledones. One of the two great divisions of Angiospermae. 
Their classification is less difficult than that of the Dicotyledons, and 
a comparison should be made of the ways in which it is done in the 
various systems (Ch. II. ). Engler’s system is based on the following 
genealogical tree (see his paper in Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 
1892, reviewed in Beih. z. Bot. Cent. 1893, p. 29, and in Bot . Gazette 
1893, P . 191)1 
Pandanales 
Synanthae 
Principes 
Helobieae 
Spathiflorae 
Glumiflorae 
Farinosae 
Liliiflorae 
Scitamineae 
Microspermae 
[See also Prantl, in 70 Jahresb . d. Schles. Gesell. fur vat. Cultural 
On the origin of M., one of the great unsolved problems in 
phylogeny, cf. Seward, Geological History , in Ann. of Bot. x, 1896, 
p. 205 ; Miss Sargant, Theory of Origin of M., in do. XVII, 1903, p. 1. 
Monodora Dun. Anonaceae (7). Fruit a berry with woody epicarp. 
The seeds of M. Myristica Dun. are sometimes used as nutmegs. 
Monotropa Linn. (incl. Hypopitys Dill.). Pyrolaceae. 3 sp. N. temp. 
M. Hypopitys Walt., the yellow bird’s-nest, is found in fir, birch and 
beech woods in Brit, as a yellowish saprophyte (p. 177) with scaly 
leaves and a short terminal raceme of firs. Below the soil is found a 
very much branched root system, the roots being covered with a 
superficial mycorhiza by whose aid absorption takes place. Buds are 
formed adventitiously upon the roots and lengthen into the flowering 
shoots. The flrs. are homogamous, without self-fertilisation. [Mono- 
tropeae Benth. -Hooker.] 
Monotropeae (Benth. -Hooker). An order in cohort Ericales, including 
Monotropa and its allies; placed in Pyrolaceae by Drude in Nat. Pfl . 
Monsonia Linn. Geraniaceae. 12 sp. Afr. 
