PANDANALES 
5 OT 
spikes with bracts and bracteoles round them; cpls. (3), 
fast united, covered with scales; fruit 1 -seeded, covered 
with hard scales ; feather or fan leaves, reduplicate) : 
4. Mauritieae : Mauritia. 
5. Metroxyleae : Raphia, Metroxylon, Calamus. 
IV. CEROXYLINAE (spadix simple or one or several times 
branched ; firs, diclinous, usually dimorphic ; when dioe- 
cious, solitary with rudimentary bracts, when monoecious 
usually in cymes of 3 firs., 2 being <? and 1 ? , or rarely 
oo <? and 1 at the end of the row being ? ; cpls. (3), 3- 2- 
i-loc. : fruit smooth, not scaly; feather leaves) : 
6. Arecineae: Caryota, Arenga, Leopoldinia, Iriartea, Cero- 
xylon, Chamaedorea, Oreodoxa, Euterpe, Areca. 
7. Cocoineae: Elaeis, Attalea, Cocos, Bactris, Desmoncus. 
B. Perianth rudimentary in <? or $ . Fruits in dense heads. 
V. PHYTELEPHANTINAE: Phytelephas, Nipa (only 
genera). 
[Placed in Calycinae by Benth.- Hooker, in Spadiciflorae by 
Warming.] 
P'or further details of P. see Nat. Pfl., Haberlandt’s Tropenreise , 
pp. 62 seq., Seemann’s History of the Palms , and Treas. of Bot. 
I'anax Linn. (incl. Cheirodendron Nutt., Nothopanax Seem.). Ara- 
liaceae. 30 sp. As., Afr., Polynes., Austr., N.Z. 
Pancratium Dill, ex Linn. Amaryllidaceae (1). 12 sp. Medit., trop. As. 
Pandanaceae. Monocotyledons (Pandanales). 2 gen. with 80 sp., 
characteristic plants of the Old World tropics (p. 195). They are 
mostly sea-coast or marsh plants with tall stems supported upon 
flying-buttress roots, and frequently branched ; some are climbers. 
The aerial roots have marked root-caps of membranous texture. The 
leaves are in 3-ranked phyllotaxy, but the stem is usually twisted so 
that the leaves form well-marked spirals (whence the name screw- 
pine). The leaf is parallel- veined, long and narrow, with an open 
sheath and usually thorny margin ; it is generally sharply bent down- 
wards at the middle, and is corrugated like a palm leaf. The infl. is 
usually a racemose spadix with neither bracts nor bracteoles, and it is 
difficult to make out the individual firs. The $ firs, in sp. of Frey- 
cinetia have a rudimentary gynceceum, in the rest of the order they have 
not. The floral axis bears a number of sta., arranged in a raceme- or 
umbel-like manner upon it. The gynoecium in the ? fir. consists of 
00 cpls. in a ring, j-loc. in Freycinetia, multi-loc. in Pandanus, the union 
being more or less complete, or it may be reduced, even to 1 cpl., or to 
a row of cpls. arranged transversely. Stigmas sessile. Ovules ana- 
tropous. Fruit a berry in Freycinetia, a multiloc. drupe in Pandanus. 
Both genera yield useful products. Genera: Freycinetia, Fandanus. 
Placed in Nudiflorae by Benth. -Hooker, in Spadiciflorae by Warming. 
Pandanales. The 1st cohort of Monocotyledons (p. 125). 
