5°2 
PANDANEAE 
Pandaneae (Benth.- Hooker) = Pandanaceae. 
Pandanus Rumph. ex Linn. f. Pandanaceae. 50 sp. trop. As. and Afr. 
(the screw-pines). Trees with flying-buttress roots. The firs, are in 
large heads, enclosed in spothes. The c? consists of 00 sta., arranged 
in various ways upon the axis, the ? of 1 — 00 cpls., free or united. 
Each gives a drupe containing as many seeds as there were cpls. 
Seeds albuminous. The pericarp is rich in fibres. The fruits of 
some sp. are cooked and eaten ; the leaves are used for weaving. 
Panicum Linn. Gramineae (v). 300 sp. trop. and warm temp. The 
spikelets are 1- or 2 -flowered. P. miliaceum L. is the Indian millet, 
P. frumentaceum Roxb. the Samoa millet, both important cereals. 
P. maximum Jacq. (Guinea grass) and others are important fodder plants. 
Many of these are distributed by the animals feeding upon them, for the 
joints of the stem will grow after passing through the alimentary canal. 
Papaver Tourn. ex Linn. Papaveraceae (11). 40 sp. Eur., As., 
S. Afr., Austr. P. Rhoeas L. and 3 others (poppy) in Brit. The 
flrs. nod in bud, not by their own weight, but by more rapid growth 
of one side of the stalk. The ovary is crowned by a sessile rayed 
stigma, each lobe of which stands over a placenta instead of as usual 
over a midrib. This is commonly explained by supposing each actual 
ray of the stigma to be formed of one half of each of two adjacent 
stigmas. The flr. of most sp. contains no honey, and is homogamous ; 
both cross- and self-pollination usually occur with insect visits. The 
fruit is a round capsule, opening by pores under the eaves of the roof 
formed by the dry stigmas, so that the seeds are well protected from 
rain and can only escape when the capsule is shaken by strong winds 
or other agencies. P. somniferum L. is the opium poppy ; the drug is 
obtained by cutting notches in the half ripened capsules, from which 
the latex exudes and hardens. The seeds of this and other sp. yield 
an oil on pressure. 
Papaveraceae. Dicotyledons ( Ar chichi. Rhoeadales). 28 gen. with 210 
sp., chiefly N. temp. Most are herbs 
with alt. leaves, and sub-orders I. and 
II. contain latex. Corydalisand Fu- 
maria are climbers, Bocconia a small 
shrub. The flrs. are solitary or in 
racemes, or in dichasia with cincin- 
nal tendency, regular or irregular, $ , 
hypogynous (exc. Eschscholtzia). Ki 
(united in Eschscholtzia), caducous ; 
C 2 + 2, rolled or crumpled in bud 
(see Hypecoum) ; A 4 or 00 or 2 (see 
sub-orders) ; in the last case each sta. 
branches into 3 parts (see fig.), the 
centre one bearing an entire anther, 
the lateral ones each half an anther^ 
