PEDALIACEAE 
506 
long style and 2 stigmas, 2 — 4-loc. or apparently i*loc., often with 
false septa; ovules 1 — 00 per loc., on axile placentae. Capsule or 
nut, often with hooks. Embryo straight ; endosperm thin. Sesame 
is economically important. Chief genera: Pedalium, Sesamum, 
Harpagophytum. Benth. -Hooker and Warming unite Martyniaceae 
to P., placing it in Personales and Personatae respectively. The 
chief distinctions from M. lie in the placentation, the fruit, calyx, and 
glandular hairs. 
Pedalineae (Benth. -Hooker) = Pedaliaceae. 
Pedalium Royen ex Linn. Pedaliaceae. 1 sp. trop. Afr. and As. 
Pedicellaria Schrank = Gynandropsis DC. 
Pedicularis (Tourn.) Linn. Scrophulariaceae (ill. 12). 250 sp. N. 
Hemisph. and S. Am., especially on Mts. ; 2 in Brit., P, palustris L. 
and P. sylvatica L. (louse-wort), in marshes and moist places. Semi- 
parasites with loose-pollen firs., fertilised by humble-bees &c. In, a 
few places in the Arctic regions, P. extends beyond the limit of humble- 
bees (Bombus) and the fir. has a shorter tube, adapting it to flies. 
Pedilanthus Neck. Euphorbiaceae (A. 11. 8). 15 sp. trop. Am. 
Peganum Linn. Zygophyllaceae. 4 sp. Medit., As., N. Am. The 
seeds of P. Harmala L. yield turkey-red. [Rutaceae, B. & H.] 
Peireskia Steud. = Pereskia Plum. 
Pelargonium L’Herit. Geraniaceae. 175 sp., chiefly S. Afr., a few 
Medit., Austr. Many varieties are cultivated as ornamental plants, 
of which one is the so-called Geranium of greenhouses, &c. In many 
sp. the base of the stem is tuberous. An oil, used as a substitute for 
attar of roses, is distilled in Algeria from P. odoratissimum Ait. 
Pellaea Link. Polypodiaceae. 45 sp. trop. and subtrop. 
Pellionia Gaudich. Urticaceae. 15 sp. trop. As., Polynes. Like 
Urdca. P. umbellata Wedd. has the bracts of the $ firs, united to 
form an involucre. 
Penaea Linn. Penaeaceae. 10 sp. Cape Colony. 
Penaeaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Thymelaeales). 5 gen. with 22 sp. 
S.W. Cape Col. Shrubby xerophytes of ericoid habit, with opposite 
evergreen leaves. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs, the bracts 
' often coloured. Fir. $ , regular, 4-merous. Receptacle hollow, 
tubular. No petals. Ovary 4-loc. ; style simple. Ovules 2 in each 
loc., anatropous. Capsule. No endosperm. Chief genera : Penaea, 
Sarcocolla. Placed in Daphnales by Benth. -Hooker. 
Pennisetum Rich. Gramineae (v). 40 sp. trop. and subtrop Afr., S. 
Eur., As., Am. Involucre as in Cenchrus. P. typhoidenm Rich., the 
pearl millet, is an important cereal in India. 
Pentadesma Sabine. Guttiferae (vi). 1 sp., P. butyracea Sabine, the 
tallow or butter tree, in Sierra Leone. The fruit yields a greasy juice 
used as butter. 
Pentapterygium Klotzsch. Ericaceae (ill. 8). 5 sp. E. Himal. to 
Khasia. Fruit a five- winged berry. 
