RUBIACEAE 
55 ° 
b. Ovules on septum. 
19. Morindeae (stip. undivided, not leafy; trees and shrubs): 
Morinda. 
20. Spermacoceae (stip. divided ; shrubs and undershrubs) : Bor- 
reria. 
21. Galieae (stip. leafy; herbs): Sherardia, Crucianella, Asperula, 
Galium, Rubia. 
[Placed in Rubiales by Benth. -Hooker and Warming.] 
Rubiales. The 7th cohort (Engler) of Sympetalae (p. 131). The 1st 
cohort (Benth. -Hooker) of Gamopetalae (p. 134). The 8th cohort 
(Warming) of Sympetalae (p. 138). 
Rubus (Tourn.) Linn. Rosaceae (ill. 6 a). A dominant and largely 
varying genus (p. 119) comprising perhaps 200 sp., most of which are 
represented by a large number of varieties, often, as in the cases of 
Rosa, Salix, and Hieracium, raised to specific rank in local floras, &c. 
The genus occurs in almost all parts of the world, especially N. temp, 
regions (5 or 6 sp. in Brit.). The firs, are conspicuous; honey is 
secreted by a ring-shaped nectary upon the hollowed axis just within 
the insertion of the sta. The firs, are homogamous, and visited by 
many insects, including bees. The fruit is an aggregate of drupes. 
Several sp. present special points of interest. R. Chaviaemorus L. is 
the cloudberry, an arctic plant found in Scotland on the hills. It has 
creeping underground stems by means of which a large vegetative mul- 
tiplication is carried on. The firs, are solitary, terminal and unisexual. 
Occasionally $ firs, occur. The plant is always described as dioecious, 
but it has been stated that there is sometimes a difference in sex 
between two plants, one of which appears to have sprung vegetatively 
from the other. R. Idaeus L. is the raspberry. It multiplies largely 
by suckers — stems which grow out horizontally beneath the soil to 
some distance, then turn up and give rise to new plants which flower 
in their second year. R. fruticosus L. is a general specific name for 
the innumerable varieties of the common bramble or blackberry. It 
is a hook-climber (the hooks being emergences) sprawling over the 
surrounding vegetation. Branches which reach the soil often take 
root there and grow up into new plants. R. caesius L. is the dew- 
berry, whose fruits are covered with bloom (wax) like grapes. R. oc- 
cidentals L. is the black-cap raspberry or trimbleberry of N. Am. 
R. australis Forst. f. is an interesting sp. with the blades of the leaves 
reduced to the minimum (p. 166). 
Rudbeckia Linn. (excl. Lepachys Rafin.). Compositae (v). 30 sp. N. Am. 
Rudgea Salisb. Rubiaceae (11. 15). 100 sp. trop. Am. Some are 
heterostyled. 
Ruellia Plum, ex Linn. Acanthaceae (iv. A). 200 sp. trop. and sub- 
trop. The capsule explodes. The seeds possess surface hairs which, 
when wetted, swell and adhere to the soil. 
Rumex Linn. Polygonaceae (I. 2). 100 sp. esp. in N. Temp, zone (12 
