SAINTPAULIA 
553 
C 4 — 5, sometimes united at base, imbricate, the inner 2 much reduced ; 
A 5, opp. petals, all or only 2 fertile, the rest being staminodial ; ovary 
superior 2-loc. ; in each loc. usually 2 axile pendulous or horizontal 
semi-anatropous ovules with micropyle upwards. Indehiscent fruit 
with exalbuminous seeds. Chief genera : Sabia, Meliosma. Placed 
in Sapindales by Benth. -Hooker. 
Saccharum Linn. Gramineae (11). 12 sp. trop., esp. Old World. 
The most important is S. ojftcinanim L., the sugar cane, a native (?) 
of trop. E. As., now cultivated in most trop. regions. From the 
rhizome there spring each year shoots which may reach a height of 
12 — 15 feet and a thickness of 2 inches ; the outer tissues have much 
silica in their cell- walls. The infl. is a dense woolly spike, the first 
and second glumes of each spikelet being covered with long hairs. 
The cultivated form has always been vegetatively propagated (pieces 
of the halm, each bearing a bud, are planted), but recently a more 
vigorous race has been raised from seed (cf. pp. 56 seq.). The sugar 
is contained in the soft central tissues of the stem; the canes are cut 
before flowering and crushed between rollers to extract the juice, 
which undergoes various subsequent processes. 
Saccoglottis Endl. Humiriaceae. 10 sp. trop. Am., Afr. 
Saccolabium Blume. Orchidaceae (31). 20 sp. Indo-mal. Epiphytes. 
Sadleria Kaulf. Polypodiaceae. 2 sp. Sumatra, Sandwich Is. 
Sagina Linn. Caryophyllaceae (11. 1). 20 sp. N. temp.; 4 in Brit, 
(pearl- wort). Small herbs with inconspicuous, sometimes apetalous 
firs. ; these are homogamous and pollinate themselves. 
Sagittaria Rupp, ex Linn. Alismaceae. 12 sp., n in Am., the other, 
A. sagittifolia L. (arrow-head) in Eur. (incl. Brit.). It is a water- 
plant with a short rhizome bearing leaves of various types, the number 
of each kind depending on the depth of the water, &c. (see p. 160, 
and Goebel’s Pjlanzenbiol . Sch. II. p. 290). The fully submerged 
leaves are ribbon-shaped, the floating ones have an ovate blade, whilst 
those (usually the majority) that project above water are arrow-shaped 
(sagittate). In the leaf-axils are formed the ‘renewal’ shoots which 
last over the winter; these are short branches which burrow into the 
mud and swell up at the ends each into a large bud whose central 
axis is swollen with reserve-materials ; in spring this developes into a 
new plant. The diclinous racemose infl. projects above water ; the 
? firs, are lower down than the c? . The cT contains 00 sta., the ? 00 cpls. 
The flrs. contain honey, and are visited by flies. 
Sagus Rumph ex Gaertn. = Metroxylon Rottb. 
Saintpaulia H. Wendl. Gesneriaceae (1). 1 sp. E. Afr., S. ionantha 
H. Wendl., a recent discovery, but already cultivated in botanic gardens 
and likely to become popular. The flr. resembles in appearance that 
of Exacum, and exhibits a similar dimorphic symmetry. In some of 
the flrs. the style projects to the left over the corolla, in others to the 
right (cf. Exacum, Cassia). 
