554 
S A LAC I A 
Salacia Linn. Hippocrateaceae. 80 sp. trop. S. Am., a few in trop. 
Afr., As., Austr. Many are lianes with dimorphic branches, one form 
being adapted for climbing (p. 172). 
Salaxis Salisb. Ericaceae (iv. 10). 22 sp. Cape Colony. 
Salicaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Salicales). 2 gen. with 180 sp. 
N. temp., trop. and subtrop. Shrubs or trees with stip. leaves and 
much vegetative propagation by suckers. Firs, naked, in catkins or 
spikes, dioecious (many hybrids exist). The catkins arise in autumn 
and remain as buds through the winter, developing in early spring. 
The <J fir. consists of 2 — 30 sta. in the axil of a bract, the ? usually of 
(2) cpls. transversely placed, syncarpous with parietal placentation ; 
ovules 00 , anatropous. Seeds exalbuminous with basal tufts of hairs. 
Placed in Saliciflorae by Warming, as an anomalous order at the end 
of Incompletae by Benth. -Hooker. Genera: Salix, Populus. 
Salicales. The 3rd cohort of Archichlamydeae (p. 127). 
Saliciflorae (Warming). The 1st cohort of Choripetalae (p. 137). 
Salicornia (Tourn.) Linn. Chenopodiaceae (7). 9 sp. on sea-coasts. 
S. herbacea L. (saltwort) cosmop., inch Brit. (p. 187). Succulent 
herbs, with the habit of a cactus, leafless and with jointed nodes. 
Firs, in groups of 3 or more, one group sunk in the tissue on either 
side of each intemode. Perianth fleshy; sta. 1 or 2. 
Salisburia Sm. = Ginkgo Linn. 
Salix (Tourn.) Linn. Salicaceae. 160 sp., chiefly N. temp. The sp. are 
very variable and there are many hybrids (cf. Rubus, Rosa, and see 
Ch. II.). 12 in Brit, (willow, sallow, &c). The branching is mono- 
podial, but the terminal bud usually dies, and the next lateral bud 
continues the axis. There is extensive vegetative propagation by 
suckers. Some sp. e.g. S . alba L. are often pollarded, or cut off at a 
height of 8 feet or so ; from the callus formed upon the "wounds new 
shoots spring, and thus the ‘crown’ of shoots is produced (p. 156). 
Among the Brit. sp. are S. herbacea L., the dwarf or arctic willow, a 
creeping alpine and arctic form (p. 183), and S. lanata L. &c. alpine 
forms with very woolly leaves. The firs, contain honey, and as they 
appear in early spring, before the leaves, and when they have but few 
competitors, they receive a great many visits from insects, especially 
from bees. S. viminalis L. is the osier, whose twigs are used in 
making baskets &c. S. babylonica L. is the weeping willow. [See 
p. 1 74 -] 
Salpiglossis Ruiz et Pav. Solanaceae (v). 8 sp. S. Am. 
Salsoia Linn. Chenopodiaceae (10). 40 sp. chiefly Eur., As., maritime 
or on salt steppes (p. 169). S. Kali L. (glass- wort) in Brit., a very 
fleshy plant with leaves ending in spines. A variety tragus Moq. 
of this sp. (Russian thistle) has in recent years become a pest of 
agriculture in Dakota and other parts of N. Am. (Bot. Gaz. 1895, 
p. 501). 
Salvadora Garcin. ex Linn. Salvadoraceae. 2 sp. W. As., Afr. S, 
