SAL VINIA CEAE 
555 
persica L. is said to be the mustard of the New Testament. Its leaves 
taste like mustard. 
Salvadoraceae. Dicotyledons (Sympet. Contortae). 3 gen. with 6 sp. 
As., Afr. Shrubs and trees with opp. entire stip. leaves and racemose 
infls. Firs. $ or unisexual, regular. K (2 — 4) ; C (4 — 5) or 4 — 5, 
with teeth or glands on the inner side ; A 4 — 5, epipetalous or not. 
Ovary superior, 1 — 2-loc. with 1 — 2 erect anatropous ovules in each 
loc. Fruit a 1 -seeded berry or drupe. Seed exalbuminous. Genera : 
Azima, Dobera, Salvadora. The relationships are doubtful, for we 
do not know if the polypetaly of A. and D. is original or secondary. 
If the former, the order must perhaps be placed near Celastraceae. 
Benth.- Hooker place it in Gentianales, Warming in Contortae. 
Salvia (Tourn.) Linn. Labiatae (vi. 6). 500 sp. trop. and temp. S. Ver - 
benaca L. (sage) and S. p?'atensis L. (clary) in Brit. The sta. are reduced 
to 2 (the anterior), each of which has a sort of T-shape, the connective 
of the versatile anther being greatly elongated. The stalks of the sta. 
stand up close together across the mouth of the fir., and a bee, in 
pushing its head or tongue down towards the honey, comes into 
contact with the inner end of the anther, and raising it causes the outer 
to descend upon its back and to rub it with pollen. In the lower forms 
of S. both ends of the lever bear fertile anthers; but in all the higher 
forms the useless half-anther at the inner end is aborted, and the outer 
half of the connective is much longer than the inner (compare S. offi- 
cinalis with S. pratensis), The flr. is protandrous, and in the later 
stage the style bends downwards and places the stigma in a position 
to be touched first by an entering insect. Some sp. have coloured 
bracts at the top of the infl., adding to its conspicuousness. S. offici- 
nalis L. (Medit.) is the garden sage. 
Salvinia (Mich.) Schreb. Salviniaceae. 5 sp. trop. and warm temp., of 
which S. natans Hoffm. is best known. The plant floats freely on the 
water; at each node is a whorl of three leaves, and the whorls alter- 
nate with one another. There are two floating leaves derived from 
the upper half of a segment of the apical cell (see order), and a sub- 
merged leaf derived from the lower. There are no roots, their func- 
tion being performed by the finely divided submerged leaves (see 
p. 160, and compare Trapa, Ranunculus, Cabomba). The sporocarps 
are borne several together as outgrowths from the base of a submerged 
leaf. The microspores germinate inside the sporangium, the prothalli 
emerging through its wall as fine tubes, at the end of which the 
antheridia form. 
Salviniaceae. Filicineae Leptosporangiatae (Heterosporous). A small 
family, composed of two genera, Salvinia and Azolla, comprising about 
9 sp., trop. and temp. They are water plants, with a stem floating 
upon the water, and growing by a two-sided apical cell (3-sided in 
the young embryo, as in other Filicineae). A dorsiventral construc- 
tion thus arises; segments are cut off right and left from the two-sided 
