SCROPHULARIA CEAE 
565 
Several are climbers (e.g. Maurandia, Rhodochiton, &c.). The 
Veronicas of N. Z. are interesting xerophytes with remarkable re- 
semblance in habit to certain Coniferae. A considerable number of 
sp. in tribes 11 and 12 (below), e.g. Euphrasia, Bartsia, Pedicularis 
&c., are semi-parasitic (p. 176). They mostly grow in swampy grass- 
land and are parasitic by their roots upon the roots of the grasses. 
Suckers are formed at the points of contact. “The formation of the 
suckers occurs in spring; the absorption of organic food by their 
means from living parts of plants lasts into the summer; at this 
period the haustoria contain but little starch. In late summer and 
autumn an absorption of organic compounds from the dead parts 
of the host takes place. At this period, and later, the haustoria 
function as places for storage of reserve-materials ” (von Wettstein). 
The plants possess green leaves of their own, and so are able to as- 
similate. 
The infl. may be racemose or cymose. In the former case it is 
usually a spike or raceme, axillary or terminal (every variety may be 
Floral diagrams of A, Verbascum nigrum , B, Linaria vulgaris , C, Vero7iica 
Chamaedrys ; after Eichler. 
found in sp. of Veronica). Solitary axillary firs, occur in many S., 
e.g. Linaria. The cymose infis. are usually dichasia, often united into 
complex corymbs &c. Bracts and bracteoles are usually present. In 
Castilleja the upper leaves and bracts are brightly coloured. 
The fir. is 5 > zygomorphic, sometimes nearly regular (Verbascum 
&c.), and shows considerable variety in structure, as is illustrated by 
the floral diagrams given. The bulk of the order show the Linaria 
type. K (5), of various aestivations; C (5), median-zygomorphic, 
often 2-lipped; A 4 (sometimes 2), didynamous, epipetalous, the 
posterior sta. sometimes represented by a staminode (e.g. in Scrophu- 
laria and Pentstemon). Verbascum and its allies have an actino- 
morphic corolla and 5 sta.; Veronica (q.v.) shows 4 sepals (the 
posterior one of the typical 5 being absent), 4 petals (the posterior pair 
of the 5 united), and 2 sta., the corolla being rotate in form. Other 
variations occur in the Selagineae &c. Below the ovary is a honey- 
