SPIGELIA 575 
Spartina Schreb. Gramineae (xi). 7 sp. temp, in salt soil; 1 Brit. 
(S. stricta Roth, cord-grass). 
Spartium Linn. Leguminosae (ill. 3). 1 sp. Medit., S. junceum L., 
the Spanish broom, resembling the common broom in habit. Firs, 
explosive like those of Genista. They yield a yellow dye, and the 
plant is also used as a source of fibre. 
Spathicarpa Hook. Araceae (vil). 4 sp. Brazil and Paraguay. The 
spadix is adnate to the spathe, and monoecious. Down the centre 
run 1 — 3 rows of $ firs., consisting each of a stalked synandrium, 
rather like a sporophyll of Equisetum ; at the sides are the ? firs., 
consisting each of a bottle-shaped ovary, surrounded by staminodes. 
Spathiflorae. The 6th cohort of Monocotyledons (p. 126). 
Spattaphyllum Schott. Araceae (11). 20 sp. trop. Am., 1 Phil. Is., 
Celebes. Spathe partly adnate to spadix. Fir. $ , with perianth. 
Spathodea Beauv. Bignoniaceae (11). 3 sp. trop. Afr. There are 
large water-pores on the backs of the leaflets near the midrib. In 
S. campanulata Beauv. the flr.-buds have an interesting protection- 
mechanism, the calyx being inflated and water secreted between it 
and the corolla (see Treub in Ann . Buitenz. vm). 
Specularia Heist. Campanulaceae (1. 1). 10 sp. Medit., Eur., N. Amer. 
S. hybrida A. DC. ( Campanula hybrida L.) is a cornfield weed in 
England, and S. Speculum A. DC., Venus’ looking-glass, is common 
in gardens. In general the flr. is like that of Campanula. 
Spergula Linn. Caryophyllaceae (11. 2). 3 sp. temp. S. arvensis L., 
the spurry, occurs in most parts of the world on arable land. The 
axillary shoots do not lengthen their internodes, so that the leaves at 
first glance seem to be tufted. Firs, in cymes, gynomoncecious or 
gynodicecious, homogamous, visited by insects, but self-fertilising in 
their absence. This plant is sometimes used as fodder. 
Spergularia J. et C. Presl (Buda Adans., Lepigonum Wahlb., Tissa 
Adans.). Caryophyllaceae (11. 2). 20 sp. cosmop., mostly halophytes 
with fleshy leaves (p. 169). 1 in Brit. 
Spermacoce Dill, ex Linn. (Borreria G. F. W. Mey.). Rubiaceae 
(11. 20). 80 sp. trop., esp. Am. 
Spermaphyta or Phanerogamae. One of the 4 great divisions of the 
Vegetable Kingdom, comprising all those plants which produce seeds. 
The megaspore (embryo-sac) does not fall out of the sporangium 
(ovule), and the latter ripens, after fertilisation of the ovum, into a 
seed. In Cryptogamae the spore falls out of its sporangium and 
germinates upon the soil, so that a seed is not formed. The S. 
are divided into Gymnospermae and Angiospermae (q.v. and see 
Ch. II.). 
Sphaeralcea A. St. Hil. Malvaceae (11). 21 sp. Cape Col., 4 Am. 
Sphaerolobium Sm. Leguminosae (111. 2). 12 sp. Austr. 
Sphenotoma Sweet = Dracophyllum Labill. 
Spigelia Linn. Loganiaceae. 30 sp. Am. Some sp., e.g. S. Anthelmiev 
