59 ° 
TILL A NDSIA 
Tillandsia Linn. (incl. Vriesia Lindl.). Bromeliaceae (4). 160 sp. 
trop. Am. Some resemble the rest of the order — epiphytes with 
pitchers — while others, and especially T. usneoides L. (long moss, 
old man’s beard, vegetable horsehair), show a different habit. This 
plant hangs in long grey festoons from the branches of trees, looking 
rather like a lichen (especially Usnea). At the base, each of the pendent 
stems is wound round its support, and as the apex grows on down- 
wards the older parts die away, leaving nothing but the axil strand of 
sclerenchyma (the ‘ horsehair ’). The whole plant is thickly covered 
with the usual scaly hairs for absorbing the water trickling over it. It 
has no storage reservoir for water at all. The firs, when they appear, 
which is but rarely, are of the usual type. The plant is largely 
distributed from tree to tree by the wind, small bits breaking off and 
blowing about. Birds also use it for nesting and thus carry it about. 
[See p. 173 and Schimper Die epiph. Vegetat. Amerikas , p. 67 and 
Plate II.] It is used like horsehair. 
Tinantia Schiedw. Commelinaceae. 3 sp. trop. Am. 
Tinospora Miers. Menispermaceae. 14 sp. trop. Old World. 
Tissa Adans. = Spergularia J. et C. Presl. 
Tithonia Desf. ex Juss. Compositae (v). 10 sp. Cent. Am., W. Ind. 
Tithymalus Tourn. ex Hall. = Euphorbia Linn. 
Tmesipteris Bernh. Psilotaceae. 1 sp., T. tannensis Bernh., Austr., 
N. Z., Polynes. (rare). It grows as an epiphyte (Pparasite) on the 
trunks of tree ferns. The rhizome bears large lanceolate green 
leaves. 
Tococa Aubl. Melastomaceae (1). 40 sp. trop. S. Am. 
Toddalia Juss. Rutaceae (ix). 8 sp. trop. As. Afr. 
Todea Willd. Osmundaceae. 4 sp. S. Hemisph. T. africa 7 ia Willd. 
(T. barbara Moore), is apogamous (see Filicineae Leptosporangiatae). 
Tofieldia Huds. Liliaceae (1). 15 sp. N. temp. T. palustris Huds. 
(Scottish asphodel) in Brit. Like Narthecium. The fir. has a 3-lobed 
involucre (calyculus) beneath the calyx. 
Tolmiea Torr. et Gray. Saxifragaceae (1). 1 sp., T . Menziesii Torr. 
et Gray, N.W. Am. Adventitious buds are formed on the upper 
part of the petiole. The axial cup is split down the anterior side. 
Petals thread-like; only the 3 posterior sta. occur. 
Toluifera Linn. (Myroxylon Forst.). Leguminosae (ill. 1). 6 sp. trop. 
S. Am. T. Pereirae Baill. yields Balsam of Peru, and T. punctata 
Baill. Balsam of Tolu, from incisions in the bark; these substances 
are medicinal. 
Tordylium Tourn. ex Linn. Umbelliferae (7). 12 sp. Eur. (1 Brit.), 
N. Afr., As. 
Torenia Linn. Scrophulariaceae (11. 8). 20 sp. trop. As., Afr., Am. 
Torilis Adans. = Caucalis Linn. 
Tormentilla (Tourn.) Linn. = Potentilla Linn. 
Tornelia Gutierrez = Monstera Adans. 
