INTRODUCTION. 
XXUl 
Turdus wardi. 
Geocichla eitrina. 
^Monticola cyana. 
*Sylyia affinis. 
Aerocephalus dumetorum. 
Locustella certhiola. 
Phylloscopus nitidus. 
Phylloscopus magnirosfcris. 
Phylloscopus viridanus. 
Hirundo rustica. 
*Hirundo erythropygia. 
*Motacilla maderaspatensis. 
Motacilla melauope. 
Budytes viridis. 
Corydalla richardi. 
Corydalla striolata. 
tPitta coronata. 
CoLUMIi.E. 
*'Turtur pulchratus. 
Orally. 
*Porzaua bailloni. 
Porzana fusca. 
Ballina euryzonoides. 
? Hypotasnidia striata. 
*Rallus indicus. 
*Scolopax rusticula. 
*Gallinago scolopacina. 
Gallinago stenura. 
*Galliuago gallinula. 
fLimosa icgocephala. 
JTerekia cinerea. 
fTotauus glottis. 
fTotanus stagnatilis. 
jTotanus fuscus. 
Totanus calidris. 
Totanus glareola. 
Totanus oehropus. 
tTringoides hypoleucus. 
^Machetes pugnax. 
tTringa subarquata. 
tTringa minuta. 
tTringa subminuta. 
*Tringa temmincki. 
JLimicola platyrhyncha. 
*Calidris arenaria. 
§Strepsilas interpres. 
Numenius lineatus. 
Numenius phseopus. 
JEecurvirostra avocetta. 
Squatarola helvetica. 
Charadrius fulvus. 
t^Egialitis geoffroyi. 
fiEgialitis mongolica. 
*Chetfcusia gregaria. 
Hsematopus ostralegus. 
fStema caspia. 
Larus brunneicephalus. 
Tadorna casarca. 
Anas acuta. 
Anas eircia. 
Anas crecca. 
Spatula clypeata. 
?§ Phcenicopterus roseus. 
*Ardea goliath. 
Gorsachius inelanolophus. 
* Eare stragglers to the island in N.E. monsoon, or irregular migrants in small numbers, 
t Migratory for the most part, non-breeding birds remaining throughout the year. 
+ Possibly a regular migrant in small numbers. 
§ Barely a loiterer in Ceylon in S.W. monsoon. 
In this list the families Cuculitlee and Sylviidte muster strongest among land-birds, but do 
not, it will be observed, furnish as many representatives as the Grail se (Waders). Among the 
latter it is noteworthy how many species “ loiter ” or remain behind in the breeding-season. A 
knowledge of this fact is all the more interesting, as, until very recently, it was not known that 
members of the Gralline order, such as Totanus , Tringa, and TEgialitis, ever remained in the 
tropics throughout the year ; now, however, the researches of Mr. Hume in the Andamans, and of 
myself in Ceylon, have fully proved this to be the case. Stragglers to Ceylon at uncertain times 
of the year have not been included in the list, as they cannot be looked upon in any way as 
migrants. Among these may be mentioned Neophron ginginianus, Nisaetus pennatus, N. bonelh, 
Baza ceylonensis, Buteo desertorum, Pastor roseus, Alsocomus puniceus , Sterna dougalli, Anous 
stolidus, Sula leucogastra, S. cyanops, Stercorarius antarcticus, Pliaetlion flavirostris, P. indicus, 
and Fregata minor. Of these, Pastor roseus and Sterna dougalli are the only species which, 
when they do visit the island, appear in numbers. 
Breeding-season . — The majority of Ceylon birds breed during the first half of the year, the 
exact times varying according to locality and climate. In the Western Province the height of 
the breeding-season is, as in India, during the rains of April, May, and June. At this time the 
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