Genus CHRYSOPHLEGMA. 
Bill shorter than in Gecinus , widened at the base, with the lateral ridge well defined and 
parallel to the culmen, which is curved. Nostrils concealed by hair-like plumes; gonys short. 
Tail long and cuneate, the central feathers considerably attenuated. Beet with the anterior toe 
longer than the posterior ; claws strong and well curved. 
CHBYSOPHLEGMA XANTHODEBES. 
(THE SOUTHERN YELLOW -N APED WOODPECKER.) 
Pious mentalis, Jerd. ( nec Temm.) Cat. B. S. India, Madr. Journ. 1840, xi. p. 214. no. 211. 
Chloropicus xmthoderus , Malh. Brit. Mus. 1844, etRev. Zool. 1845, p. 402, et Monog. Picnte, 
pi. 75, vol. ii. p. 114. 
Pious cUorigaster, Jerd. Cat. B. S. India, Madr. Journ. 1845, xiii. p. 138. no. ol 
Gecinus chlorophanes, Blyth {nec Vieill.), Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 59 (1849) ; ICelaart, 
Prodromus, Cat. p. 128 (1852) ; Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xm. p. 448. 
Chrysophlegma chlorophanes, Jerd. B. of Ind. i. p. 290; Holdsworth, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 428; 
Bourdillon, Str. Feath. 1876, p. 390; Fairbank, ibid. 1877, p. 396. 
Pious xanthoderus, Sundev. Consp. Av. Picid. p. 58 (1863). 
Green Woodpecker, “ Ground-Woodpecker Europeans in Ceylon. 
Pachcha kceralla, Sinhalese. 
Adult male and female. Length 8-7 to 9-2 inches ; wing 4;5 to 4-75 ; tail 2-9 ^ 
0-7, claw (straight) 0-38 ; posterior outer toe 0-65 ; bill to gape 1 0 to 1 05. lemaies pp 8 
Iris somb “rid or brownish red; bill blackish, with the sides of the lower mandible and margin of the upper next the 
gape yellow ; legs and feet olive-greenish or dusky sap-green. ,, . h „ 
Head, crest, and a patch on the lower part of cheeks crimson, the feathers of the nape below the cres vie y > 
of forehead and crown-feathers greenish black; upper surface with the wmg-coverts bnght ohve-green, tace, 
throat neck, and under surface dull green ; lores blackish, round the eye and on the cheeks the feathers are some- 
what dusky ; outer webs of inner primaries, secondaries, and tertials next the shaft orange-red ; grea er wmg- 
coverts with their bases orange ; inner webs of quills brown, with distant white spots, and the terminal portion 
of the outer webs of the primaries with whitish spots ; tail black; beneath, the sides of the breast flanks and 
lower parts are barred with white; bases of throat-feathers white, showing more or less on the surface , nuclei 
wing-coverts marked with greenish white. 
Female. Has the forehead and head deep green, the bases of the feathers dark brown; the occipital feathers and 
yellow nape-patch as in the male, but the red cheek-stripe absent, that part being green like the sides ot the neca. 
Younq. Birds of the year have the forehead dark green, and the feathers tipped with the crimson hue of the occiput , 
the fore neck and throat are brownish, and the dorsal feathers to a certain extent tipped with a pale hue ; flan s 
and lower parts more barred with white than in the adult. 
nh , rwionese snecimens correspond well with those from Madras. A male from this locality measures 4-7 inches 
‘ in i wing bill to gape 1-1 ; a female 4-0 in the wing, bill to gape 1*1. This species is closely allied to Ch. chloro- 
us, its northern representative, which inhabits Bengal Assam, and parts of the sub-Himakyanhills Thisis 
a larger bird, two males from Nepal measuring 5-5 and 5-0 inches in the wing, and a female 5*4 ; it has the * *nu 
part of the head green, a band of red passing across the front of forehead over the lores and eyes to the oc P , 
where it occupies the terminal half of the nuchal feathers, while the nape and upper part of the hmd neck y 
