X ANTHOLiEMA HJEMACEPHALA. 
(THE CRIMSON-BREASTED BARBET.) 
Bucco hcemacephalus, Mull. Syst. Nat. Suppl. p. 88 (1776). 
Bucco flavigula, Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 30 (1783). 
Bucco philippensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 407 (1788). 
Bucco indicus. Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 205 (1790). 
Capito philippeims, Vieill. N. Diet. d’PIist. Nat. iv. p. 498 (1816). 
Megalaimci philippensis , G. R. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 429 (1846) ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. 
p. 68 (1849) ; Kelaart, Prodromus, Cat. p. 127 (1852) ; Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 
1854, xiii. p. 447. 
Xantholoema indica, Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii. p. 644 (1856) ; Jerdon, B. of 
Ind. i. p. 315 (1862); Holds worth, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 430; Legge, Ibis, 1875, p. 284. 
Megalaima hcemacephala, G. R. Gray, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. Capit. p. 10 (1868). 
Xantholoema hcemacephala , Marshall, Mon. Capit. pi. 42 (1871); Hume, Nests and Eggs 
(Rough Draft), p. 131 (1873); id. Str. Feath. 1873, p. 453; Ball, ibid. 1874, p. 466; 
Hume, ibid. 1875, p. 77; Armstrong, ibid. 1876, p. 311. 
Be Barbut des Philippines , Brisson; Le Cabezon a gorge jaune, Vieill. ; The Crimson-gorgeted 
Barbet, Marshall; Copper-smith, Europeans in Ceylon ; Kat-khora, Hind., or Tambayat, 
lit. “Copper-smith”; Chota bassant bairi, or Chota Benebo, Beng. ; Tokoji, Telegu. 
Kotoruwa, Mal-kotoruwa, Sinhalese ; Kokoorupan, Tamil (Layard). 
Adult male and female. Length 6 - 0 to 6T inches; wing 3 p 0 to 3T5 ; tail 1-5; tarsus 08 ; outer anterior toe and 
claw 0-75 ; bill to gape 0-9 to 0-97. 
Iris reddish brown, with a pale or pearly-grey outer circle ; eyelid red ; bill black ; legs and feet coral-red. 
A broad frontal band and a patch across the lower part of throat glistening crimson ; lores, the top and sides of head 
behind the eye, ear-coverts, and cheeks black ; chin, throat, a stripe above the eye, and a patch on the cheek 
sulphur-yellow ; hind neck, back, and wings sap-green, slightly pervaded with bluish on the occiput ; tail and 
outer webs of quills bluish green ; outer primaries and inner webs of all the quills blackish brown, margined 
inwardly with whitish yellow ; below the chest-patch green, washed next the crimson with yellow ; breast and 
lower parts whitish, with broad dark green centres to the feathers, darkest on the flanks, and fading on the centre 
of the belly ; bases of wing-coverts blackish, under wing yellowish. 
The extent of black on the occiput varies, and specimens are likewise often seen with the back and wing-coverts edged 
yellowish green. 
Young. Iris dark brown ; legs and feet yellowish red. In the fully-plumaged nestling the crimson forehead and 
chest are wanting, the former being coneolorous with the crowm, which is dusky green ; the yellow throat- and 
facial-spots are not so bright as in the adult ; the lower part of the face and space just behind the eye only are 
blackish : the upper surface is pale-edged, and that part of the chest which is crimson in the adult is dull green : 
under surface much as in the adult, but the centres of the feathers are paler. Traces of the black crown are 
perceptible in the blackish bases of the feathers there. 
Obs. Ceylonese specimens are identical with Indian in character of marking &c., but the latter may perhaps average 
somewhat larger. An individual from Kamptee has the wing 3-2 inches, another from “ North India ” 3-25. In 
some specimens the pale portions of the breast-feathers are strongly tinged with yellowish. Birds from the 
Burmese countries, says Mr. Hume, are not different from Indian ; and an example from Acheen (Sumatra) is 
indistinguishable, as regards colour, from Indian examples, although somewhat smaller and shorter in the bill. 
Distribution. The little “ Copper-smith ” is diffused throughout all the dry region of Ceylon, commencing 
