Order GALLING. 
Bill short, high at the base, more or less curved, the tip vaulted and bent down ; nostrils 
pierced in a capacious membrane, covering the base of the bill in some. Wings short, ample, 
and generally rounded. Tail very variable, of from 12 to 18 feathers. Legs and feet stout ; tibia 
feathered to the knee (except in Pedionomus). Tarsus frequently spurred. Toes three in front 
and one behind, which is usually elevated above the plane of the anterior toes ; hind toe wanting 
in some. 
Sternum with two very deep emarginations on each side. Entirely ground-feeding and 
with the habit of scratching for their food. 
Fam. PHASIANIM. 
Bill strong, high at the base, vaulted at the tip, which overhangs the lower mandible ; 
nostrils apart; face more or less nude. Wings short and rounded. Tail usually lengthened, of 
from 12 to 18 feathers. Tarsus moderately long, stout, covered in front with large polygonal 
scales ; usually spurred. Anterior toes united at the base by a small membrane. 
Mostly of large size ; plumage of the sexes differing. 
Genus PAYO. 
“ BiU lengthened, slender, the nareal portion large ; nostrils linear ; head ornamented with 
an erect crest of feathers of a peculiar structure, orbitar region naked. Tail moderately long, of 
1 8 feathers. Feathers of the back and upper tail-coverts of great length, surpassing the tail, and 
beautifully ocellated. Tarsi rather long and spurred.” ( Jerdon , B. of Ind. iii. p. 506.) 
PAYO CBISTATUS. 
(THE PEACOCK.) 
Pavo cristatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 267 (1766) ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 239 (1849); 
Kelaart, Prodromus, Cat. p. 131 (1852); Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiv. 
p. 62 ; Irby, Ibis, 1861, p. 234; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 123 ; Jerdon, B. of Ind. iii. 
p. 506 (1864); Beavan, Ibis, 1868, p. 379; Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 467; Elliot, 
Monog. Phasian. i. pi. 3 (1872) ; Adam, Str. Feath. 1873, p. 392 ; Ball, ibid. 1874, 
p. 426 ; Hume, Nests and Eggs, p. 510 (1875) ; Butler & Hume, Str. Feath. 1876, p. 5 • 
Fairbank, i. c. p. 202, et ibid. 1877, p. 409 ; Ball, ibid. 1878, vii. p. 225. 
Pavo assamensis, M‘Clelland, Ind. Bev. 1838, p. 513. 
Le Paon (male), La Paonne (fem.), Buff. PI. Enl. 433, 434 ; Peafowl. Mor , Mohr, also 
Mam fir. Hind. ; Nimili, Telugu ; Myl, Tam. ; Mahja, Bhotias ; Mong-yung, Lepchas ; 
Mayal, Dutch in Ceylon ; Pavaan , Portuguese in Ceylon ; Miyil, Tamils. 
Monara, Sinhalese (Layard). 
5 B 
