GALLOPERDIX BICALCARATA. 
(THE CEYLON SPUR-FOWL.) 
(Peculiar to Ceylon.) 
Perdix bicalcarata , Forster, Ind. Zool. p. 25, pi. 14 (1781). 
Tetrao zeylonensis , Gmel. ed. Syst. Nat. i. p. <59 (1788). 
Perdix bicalcaratus, Pennant, Ind. Zool. p. 40, pi. / (1790). 
Perdix ceylonensis , Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 644 (1790). 
Galloperdix zeylonensis (Gin.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 241 (1849), Gould, B. of 
Asia, pt. vi. (1854); Jerdon, B. of Ind. iii. p. 545 (1864); Hume, Nests and Eggs, iii. 
p. 555 (1875). 
Galloperdix bicalcaratus (Forst.), Kelaart, Prodromus, Cat. p. 181 (1852); Layaid, Ann. & 
Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiv. p. 105. 
Galloperdix bicalcarata (Forst.), Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 808 ; Holdsvv. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 469 ; 
Legge, Ibis, 1874, p. 26, et 1875, p. 400; id. J. A. S. (Ceylon Br.) 18/4, p. 49, 
Hume, Str. Feath. 1878, vii. p. 430 ; id. t. c. p. 453. 
I)as zweigespornte Bebhuhn, Forster, l. c . ; Double-Spurred Partridge, Pennant ; Chittygong 
Partridge, Latham (female) ; Ceylon Partridge, Gmelin and Latham ; Spur-fowl, 
Spurred Partridge , Kandy Partridge, Layard. 
llaban-kulcula, Saban-kuJcula, Sinhalese. 
ct supra niger, pluTnis modi alitor albo lineatis : dorso, uropygio et supracaudalibus saturate castaneis, apicaliter obso- 
lete nigro angustissime transfasciatis : scapularibus castaneis nigro vermiculatis, medialiter nigris albo lineatis : 
tectricibus alarum dorso concoloribus, marginaliter castaneis nigro vermiculatis, majoribus subterminaliter albo 
maculatis : remigibus bruimeis, secundariis extus castaneo vermiculatis : supracaudalibus longioribus caudaque 
nigricanti-brurineis : pileo summo nigro, immaculato: collo laterali et corpore subtus nigris, albo conspicue flam- 
mulatis hvpochondriis longitudinaliter albo notatis : subalaribus nigricautibus : remigibus subtus pallid^ ciueras- 
eentibus : rostro rubro : plaga nuda orbitali rubra : pedibus rubris : inde brunnescenti-flava, interdum rubescente. 
Adult male. Length 13-5 to 13-8 inches ; wing 6-4 to 6-6 ; tail 4-0 ; tarsus 2-0 to 2-1 ; middle toe and claw 1*6 ; bill to 
gape 0-95 to 1-0 ; spur 0-5 to 0-7, generally two on each leg, sometimes three on one and two on the other. 
Iris brownish yellow or brownish red ; orbital skin red ; bill, legs, and feet red ; spurs dusky reddish. 
Top of head, hind neck and its sides, interscapular region, lesser wing-coverts, tail, and under tail-coverts black, most 
intense on the hind neck, slightly pervaded with brownish on the wing-coverts and tail, and blending into the 
rufous-chestnut of the back, rump, and tertials ; head and hind neck striated with white, broadly so on the latter 
part, and changing into narrow drop-shaped mesial spots on the wing-coverts ; lower back and tail-coverts with 
terminal cross rays of blackish, and the major wing-coverts, tertials, and outer webs of secondaries mottled with 
the same ; primaries brown ; face, throat, and under surface white, margined with black ; from the chin to centre 
of fore neck narrowly edged with it, the margins increasing on the lower part of the fore neck, and covering half 
the feathers on the sides of the same ; on the breast the lateral margins are very broad, decreasing at the tip ; on 
the flanks the black increases, leaving a narrow mesial white stripe; thighs and under tail-coverts black, with 
terminal white spots. 
Female. Length 11-75 inches; wing 6-0 ; tail 3-5; tarsus 2-0; spurs 0-3 to 0-5, one on each leg generally, sometimes 
tw r o on one leg, and at times wanting on one. 
Iris brownish yellow; bill, legs, and feet lighter red than in the male. 
Head and hind neck blackish brown, changing into ferruginous on the back and wings, which are finely pencilled with 
rays of dark brown ; head with pale mesial lines ; quills brown ; outer webs of secondaries mottled with rufous ; 
tail blackish brown; chin and throat albescent, the feathers dark-edged; chest and under surface chestnut, the 
feathers with pale shafts and dark mottlings, and the fore neck and chest with dark brown lunulations ; under 
tail-coverts blackish brown, mottled with rufous. 
5 C 2 
