Genus ORTYGORNIS. 
Bill wide and lengthened, the tip well produced over the under mandible. Nostrils basal 
and oval. Wings rather pointed ; the 3rd and 4th quills the longest ; tertials equal to the 
primal ics. Fail of 12 feathers, moderately long, slightly exceeding the coverts. Tarsus stout, 
longer than the middle toe and claw, and armed with a large spur in the male ; lateral toes 
equal. 
ORTYGORNIS PONDICERIANA. 
(THE GREY PARTRIDGE.) 
Tetrao pondicerianus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. p. 760 (1788). 
Perdix oriental is, J. E. Gray & Hardw. 111. Ind. Zool. pi. 56 (1830-32). 
Perdix ponticeriana (Gmel.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 252 (1849). 
Francolinus ponticerianus ( Gmel.), Kelaart, Prodromus, Cat. p. 131 (1852); Layard, Ann. 
& Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiv. p. 107. 
Ortygornis ponticeriana (Gmel.), Jerdon, B. of Ind. iii. p. 568 (1864); Blyth, Ibis, 1867, 
p. 158; Ploldsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 469 ; Blanford, Zool. Persia, p. 273 (1872) ; Adam, 
Str. Feath. 1873, p. 392; Ball, ibid. 1874, p. 427, et 1875, p. 209; Flume, Nests and 
Eggs, iii. p. 542 (1875); Butler & Hume, Str. Feath. 1876, p. 6; Fairbank, t. c. 
p. 262; Hume, t. c. p. 459; Davidson & Wender, ibid. 1878, vii. p. 87; Ball, t. c. 
p. 225. 
Ortygornis pondicerianus, Hume (List B. of India), Str. Feath. 1879, p. 111. 
Francolin a rabat, Temm. PI. Col. 213; The Pondicherry Partridge, Kelaart; The Ited- 
legged also Jaffna Partridge, Europeans in North of Ceylon. Titar, Hind. ; Gora-titar, 
of some; Kawunzu, Telugu; Koudari, Tam. (Jerdon); Jirufti, in Persia (Blyth); 
Kowthari, Ceylonese Tamils. 
Oussa-watua, Sinhalese. 
Adult male. Length 12-0 to 12-3 inches ; wing 5*5 to 5-8 ; tail 3-2 to 3‘4 ; tarsus 17 to 1-8 ; middle toe 1-2 ; hind 
toe and claw 0-55 ; spur 0-6 ; bill to gape 0-9. 
Female. Wing 5-3 to 5-6 inches ; tail 3'0 ; tarsus 1-5. 
Iris light hazel ; bill, upper mandible dark brown, its edge and the lower mandible flesh-colour; legs and feet dull 
red ; soles greyish, claws brown. 
Crown and nape olive-brown ; forehead rufous, passing with a paler hue over the eye in a broad supereilium ; cheeks 
and throat concolorous with the eye-stripe ; lores whitish ; chin and a stripe passing round the rufous gorget 
white ; the latter edged with black across the throat ; ear-coverts dark chestnut ; general colour of the hind neck, 
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts greyish brown, crossed with buff dark-margined bands, the grey portions 
patched with chestnut on the interscapulary region and back, but not on the upper tail-coverts ; the scapulars and 
wing-coverts are marked m much the same way as the back, but the rufous-chestnut colour almost entirely 
overcomes the grey except near the tips of the feathers, and the white bars run along the shaft and are more 
conspicuously edged with black; primaries and secondaries pale grey-brown, the secondaries and primary-coverts 
arnx with buff, and the primaries with an external margin of the same near the base ; tail deep chestnut, with 
. pa e p and a subterminal patch of black, the two centre feathers greyish brown, crossed with wavy mottled 
