GALLINAGO GALLINULA. 
(THE JACK SNIPE.) 
Scolopax gallinula , Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 244 (1766) ; Gould, B. of Europe, iv. pi. 322 (1837). 
Gallinago minima (Bay), Sykes, Cat. B. Dukhun, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 163 ; MiddendorfF, Sibir. 
Reise, ii. p. 224 (1853). 
Gallinago gallinula (Linn.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 272 (1849); Kelaart, Prodromus, 
Cat. p. 135 (1852) ; Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiv. p. 266 ; Schlegel, Mus. 
P.-B. Scolopaces , p. 14 (1864) ; Jerdon, B. of Ind. iii. p. 676 (1864) ; Beavan, Ibis, 1868, 
p. 393 ; Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 472 ; Shelley, B. of Egypt, p. 249 (1872) ; Yon 
Heuglin, Orn. N.Ost-Afr. p. 1206 (1873); Hume, Str. Feath. 1873, p. 235 ; Irby, B. 
of Gibraltar, p. 174 (1875) ; Blanford, Zool. Persia, p. 283 (1876); Butler & Hume, 
Str. Feath. 1876, p. 15; Fairbank, t.c. p. 263, et 1877, p. 410; Dresser, B. of Eur. 
pt. 57, 58 (1877); Hume, Str. Feath. 1878 (B. of Tenass.) p. 459; Blakiston & Pryer, 
Ibis, 1878, p. 222 ; Davidson & Wender, Str. Feath. 1878, vii. p. 88 ; Ball, t. c. p. 228 ; 
Cripps, t.c. p. 302; Hume (List B. of Ind.), ibid. 1879, p. 112. 
Telmatias gallinula (Linn.), Saunders, Ibis, 1871, p. 389. 
Limnocryptes gallinula (Linn.), Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 407 ; Gould, B. of Gt. Britain, 
iv. pi. 80 (1873). 
La petite Becassine ou la Gourde, Buffon ; Jack Snipe, Latham ; Judock, Half Snipe, vulg. 
in England ; Zweig-Sumpschnepfe, Moorschnepfe, German ; Agachadiza , Agachadera, 
Spanish (Saunders). Kanisah, Egypt (Yon Heuglin) ; Saiga (Favier), Moorish. 
Adult male and female. Length 8-5 to 9-65 inches ; wing 4T to 4-5; tail 1-7 to 2-2 ; tarsus 0-9 to 0-95 ; middle toe 
09 to 1-05 ; bill to gape 1-5 to T6. "Weight 2J to 2| oz. (Welsh examples). 
The abovo measurements are taken from a series of European, British (Welsh, measured in the flesh), and Asiatic 
examples, the largest specimen of which latter is from Isfahan, Persia. The following are the dimensions of a 
Ceylon-killed individual (Jaffna, Jan. 1878): — wing 4-4 inches; tail 2-2; tarsus 094; middle toe T 03 ; bill at 
front T55. 
This species has only 12 tail-feathers, the centre pair of which are pointed and exceed the rest ; the lateral feathers 
are typical of the genus, curved inwards, and with rigid shafts. 
Iris dark brown ; bill — culmen clear yellow, sides livid brown, base beneath greenish, tips of both mandibles black ; 
legs and feet greyish green, brownish on the joints ; claws brown. 
The bill becomes much pitted on drying up after death. 
Summer plumage (Heligoland). Centre of the head and nape deep black, streaked with rufous, on either side of which 
is a rich buff stripe leading from the nostril over the eye to the nape, in the middle of which is a narrow black 
streak just above the eye ; face buff, through the lores a broad brown stripe, and along the cheeks, from the gape, 
another one leading over the ears round to the nape; hind neck fulvous brown, lightly marked with black and 
tipped with whitish ; scapulars long and lanceolate, very widely margined on one side with rich buff and on the 
other with deep green, the remainder of the feather black, beautifully variegated with rich rufous and edged 
with metallic green ; back and rump purple, edged with white ; upper tail-coverts like the scapulars, but the buff 
not so rich and slightly tinged with green ; tail brown, the centre feathers pointed and exceeding the rest, and 
broadly margined with rufous-buff, the lateral feathers variegated with buff ; wings brown, the lesser coverts 
margined with whitish, the median with rufous buff; secondaries deeply tipped with whitish; outer webs of 
tertiarics rufous-buff, barred with black ; outer web of first primary white at the base. 
