TOTANUS OCHEOPUS. 
(THE GREEN SANDPIPER.) 
Tringa ( ochrophus ) ochropus , Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 250 (1766). 
Totanus ochropus (Linn.), Temm. Man. d’Orn. ii. p. 651 (1820) ; Sykes, Cat. B. Dulthun, 
P. Z. S. 1832, p. 162; Gould, B. of Eur. iv. pi. 315 (1837); Kelaart, Prodromus, Cat. 
p. 134 (1852); Middendorff, Sibir. Eeise, ii. p. 215 (1853) ; Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. 
Hist. 1854, xiv. p. 265; Schrenck, Beisen u. Forsch. Amur-L. p. 416 (1860); Newton, 
P. Z. S. 1863, p. 529; Gould, B. of Gt. Brit. iv. pi. 56 (1873); Layard, B. of S. Afr. 
no. 612 (1867); Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 406 ; Shelley, B. of Egypt, p. 258 (1872); 
Hume, Str. Feath. 1873, p. 247; Yon Heuglin, Orn. N.Ost-Afr. ii. p. 1161 (1874); 
Irby, B. of Gibraltar, p. 167 (1875); Dresser, B. of Eur. pt. 53 (1876); Blanford, Zool. 
Persia, p. 285 (1876); Hume, Str. Feath. 1878 (B. of Tenass.), p. 462; Blakiston & 
Pryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 220; Seebohm, Ibis, 1879, p. 152 ; Hume, Str. Feath. 1879 (List 
B. of Ind.), p. 113. 
Totanus leucurus , Gray, 111. Ind. Zool. ii. pi. 51. fig. 1 (1833-4). 
Actitis ochropus (Linn.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 267 (1849); Holdsw. P. Z. S. 
1872, p. 474; Beavan, Ibis, 1878, p.399; Jerdon, B. of Ind. iii. p. 698 (1864); Butler, 
Str. Feath. 1876, p. 18 ; Ball, ibid. 1878, vii. p. 228; Cripps, t. c. p. 303. 
Becasseau ou Cul-ilanc, Buffon ; Greenshanlc , Kelaart ; Lavandera, Spanish (Irby). Bella 
ulanka, Telugu (Jerdon); Tita, Sind (Blyth); Yamghurchi, Zagliarak, Turkestan 
(Scully) ; Krungi, Amurland (Schrenck) ; Kotan , Tamils in Ceylon. 
Watuwa , Sinhalese. 
Adult male and female (Ceylon). Length 9-3 to 9 - 7 inches ; wing 5-5 to 5’75 ; tail 2-3 to 2-6 ; tarsus 1*3 to 1-45 ; 
middle toe l'O to l'l ; bill to gape 1-45 to 1-6. 
Iris hazel-brown ; bill deep brown, greenish round the nostril and at base of lower mandible ; legs and feet variable — 
olivaceous plumbeous, greenish olive tinged with slaty, bluish. 
Winter plumage (Ceylon). Head, upper surface, wing-coverts, and tertials deep olive-brown, with a strong green 
lustre ; back, scapulars, tertials, and wing-coverts with dark shafts, and a series of alternate marginal pale and 
dark spots (these spots are much smaller and more inconspicuous than in the last, and the palo spots are dusky 
grey, and not white ) ; quills and primary-coverts dark brown, with an olive-green gloss ; upper tail-coverts pure 
white ; tail white, the entire feathers with the terminal half dark brown, crossed by three narrow white bars, in- 
creasing in size to the outermost, which is all white, with the exception of a subterminal spot on one or on both 
webs, but which is wanting in some ; orbits and a short supercilium white ; lores and round the gape brown, the 
cheeks striated with white ; chin and gorge, with the breast and the lower parts, white, the under tail-coverts un- 
spotted ; fore neck and chest brownish, striated with white down the centre ; axillaries and under wing-coverts 
dark brown, with very narrow, oblique, w'hite bars. 
Summer plumage (Santander, June 1876). Plumage darker above than in winter ; feathers of the head with white 
edgings near the tips ; the upper back and scapulars with marginal spots of white ; striations of the face darker 
than in winter ; fore neck streaked with blackish ; flanks aud axillaries very dark brown, as also the under wing. 
Wing of this specimen 5-7 inches. 
An Abyssinian example (loth April) has the neck more thickly striated, aud the tertials spotted with fulvous grey, 
which is the colour of the spottings on the scapulars and upper back. 
