J3GIALITIS GEOFFROYI. 
(THE LARGE SAND-PLOVER.) 
Charadrius asiaticus, Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 187 (1821). 
Charadrius geoffroyi, Wagl. Syst. Av. fol. 4, p. 18 (1827); Schlegel, Mus. P.-B. Cursores, 
p. 39 (1864); Yon Heuglin, Orn. N.Ost-Afr. ii. p. 1020 (1873). 
Charadrius rufinus, Blyth, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 169 (1843). 
Hiaticula geoffroyi, Blyth, Cat. B. Mas. A. S. B. p. 262 (1849). 
JEgialites leschenaulti (Less.), Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 163. 
JEgiati tis geoffroyi (Wagl.), Heugl. Syst. Uebers. Vog. N.O.-Afr. p. 56 (1856) ; Jerdon, B. of 
Ind. iii. p. 638 (1864) ; Harting, Ibis, 1870, p. 378 ; Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 404 ; 
Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 471 ; Shelley, B. of Egypt, p. 238 (1872) ; Walden, Ibis, 1873, 
p. 316; Legge, Str. Feath. 1873, p. 489 ; Salvadori, Uccelli di Borneo, p. 318 (1874) ; 
Legge, Ibis, 1875, p. 400 ; Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1875, ix. p. 227 ; Armstrong, Str. 
Feath. 1876, p.339; Hume, t.c. p.463; David & Oust. Ois. de la Chine, p. 426(1877); 
Dresser, B. of Eur. pts. 69, 70 (1878); Hume, Str. Feath. 1878 (B. of Tenass.) p. 455 ; 
Ball, ibid. 1878, vii. p. 226. 
Cirrepidesmus geoffroyi (Wagl.), Hume, Str. Feath. 1873, p. 229, et 1874, p. 288, et 1876, 
p. 12. 
Sandpiper, Europeans. Kotan, Tamils in Ceylon. 
Oliya, Ola-watuwa, Sinhalese. 
Adult male and female (Ceylon). Length 8-5 to 9'0 inches ; wing 55 to 5'7, expanse 17-5 ; tail 2-2 ; tarsus L-5 ; 
middle toe and claw 1-0 ; bill to gape M to 2-5, at front 0-87 to 0'98. 
Winter plumage. Iris brown ; bill black, yellowish at the base beneath ; tibia and feet slate-bluish or plumbeous, 
paling to yellowish olive or, in some, fleshy grey. 
Head and upper surface with the wings greyish brown, darker on the least wing-coverts and on the face in front 
of and beneath the eye, all the feathers edged greyish white, most broadly on the wing-coverts and upper tail- 
coverts ; the scapulars and tertials with dark shafts ; quills blackish brown, the shafts nearly all white, the central 
portion of the outer webs of the inner primaries and the tips of the greater coverts white ; tips of rectrices and 
the laterals entirely (with the exception of a brown wash on the inner web) white ; forehead and a stripe over the 
eye to a patch behind it, chin, throat, entire under surface, and under wing pure white ; a light brown loral 
stripe, more or less conspicuous, connects the gape with the brown facial patch. 
Adult male, breeding-plumage (Nahr el Kebir, Syria). Wing 5'6 inches ; tail 2-4 ; tarsus 1*4 ; middle toe and claw 
09 ; bill to gape 1‘12. 
Forehead, chin, and throat as high as the cheeks pure white, sharply defined across the fore neck against the rufous 
of the chest and the sides of the fore neck, which colour blends on the breast into the white of the underparts ; 
a broad stripe from the bill to the eye, and expanding beneath it over the cheeks and ear-coverts, as also an incom- 
plete band across the forehead, black ; head and upper surface sandy brown, tinged on the sides of the crown and 
on the hind neck with the rufous of the chest; the margins of the scapular feathers and of the tori ials are similarly 
coloured ; wing-coverts with pale margins ; the lesser coverts darker brown than the greater ; primaries dark 
brown ; from the 6th to the 10th white on the outer webs, except near the tips, the 1st shaft wholly white, the 
remainder brownish at the base and white near the tip ; secondaries tipped with white ; upper tail-coverts very 
pale brownish, broadly margined with white ; tail darker brown, the feathers tipped with white, and the outer 
wholly of that colour ; under wing-coverts white, and the under surface of the inner webs of the quills mostly 
white. 
