JEGIALITIS MONGOLICA. 
945 
the peninsula it is common on the sea-board. Major Ilayes-Lloyd saw it in large flocks in Kattiawar; and 
Mr. Hume procured it on the borders of the Runn in Northern Guzerat, and states that it is very common 
on the coasts of Sindh, Cutck, and Kattiawar, but not found inland except during the time of migration, i. e. 
in April, May, August, and September. He observed it in vast numbers in Kurrachee harbour aiul on the 
Mekran coast ; and in the former locality Capt. Butler has seen it in the hot weather. Turning eastward we 
find Dr. Armstrong recording it as extremely abundant, occurring in immense numbers on the sand and 
mud flats between Elephant Point and China-Bakeer, and on the mouth of the Rangoon river. Capt. Beavan 
procured it on the Salween, near Moulmein ; and Mr. Oates says it is tolerably common in Pegu. To the 
province of Tenasscrim it is a common cold-weather visitant, occurring on the coast and the shores of estuaries. 
It was procured at the extreme south on the Pakchan river. In the Andamans and Nicobars it is very 
abundant, and the commonest species on those coasts next to the Sandpiper ( Tringoides hypoleucus ) . It is found 
there in July, August, and September in partial summer dress ; and I have no doubt the examples procured 
by Mr. Davison in this plumage were immature birds showing a mixture of nuptial and youthful livery. 
Mr. Hume records it from Singapore ; but I do not find it spoken of as inhabiting Sumatra, where its ally, 
the last species, has been recently obtained. In Java it is said to be the JE. cantiana of Horsfield, as 
Blyth examined in Calcutta what was supposed to be the type specimen from that island ; in addition to which 
Horsfield gives neither measurements nor description of the species. In Borneo it has been obtained at 
Pontianak, in Sarawak, and in the south of the island. In Ceram it has been obtained by Hoedt, in Morotai 
by Bernstein, in Aru by Wallace, and in New Guinea it is the reverse of rare. To the south it has been 
found in the island of Oomago in Torres Straits, and at Port Essington Mr. Gilbert obtained it. In his recent 
list of Australian birds, Mr. Ramsay notes it from Cape York and Rockingham Bay, in lat. 22° S., which is its 
southernmost limit. Turning north, again, we find Cuming procuring it in the Philippines, and Swinhoe 
obtaining it in North-east and North-west Hainan in March. He never met with it on the south coast of 
China, but saw it in abundance in Shanghai, where also Pere David met with it in May. It has been obtained 
in the Corea, and also on the shores of the sea of Okhotsk, where Middeudorff met with flocks of females in 
pairs in July. In Japan it has been procured in Hakodadi and South Yesso. In this quarter of the globe 
it has been met with as far north as the Choris Peninsula, in Behring’s Straits. Pallas first found it on the 
confines of Mongolia near salt lakes between the rivers Onon and Argun; and Radde observed it in the same 
region at Tarei-nor in May. Schrenck procured it on the Amoor. It evidently breeds in all this region; and 
its summer-quarters do not seem to extend to the westward in these latitudes, for Seebohm did not see it on 
the Ycnesav. Prjevalsky does not record it from Koko-nor, through which it must needs pass on its migration 
from Thibet to Mongolia. Stoliczka procured it at Kiangsira in Thibet ; but Dr. Scully did not meet with 
it in Kashghar. It was, however, seen on the Chimouraree Lake in Ladakh by Dr. Adams, and was breeding 
there at the time, the young being hatched and the season too far advanced to obtain eggs. 
It breeds, according to Severtzoff, in the south-eastern portion of Turkestan, and occurs on passage in the 
north-western part, but was not seen above an altitude of 1000 feet. Mr. Blanford obtained it in the islands 
of the Persian Gulf, and observes that it has not been met with on the Caspian. In Palestine Canon Tristram 
found it on the Kishon. It extends to the coasts of the Red Sea, and as far south as the Gulf of Aden, 
where Von Heuglin procured it in winter plumage on the Somauli coast : Blyth also received it from 
Aden. It has on one occasion only appeared in Europe, when it was captured near St. Petersburg. 
Habits . — This Sand-Plover associates in large flocks, as well as in small companies, which disperse 
themselves over a good deal of space on the muddy flats and tidal sands bordering the numerous lagoons, 
lakes, and backwaters of the northern and eastern shores of Ceylon. In its company may be found a few 
Kentish Plovers and also the little Ringed Plover, while occasionally the last species, JE. geoffroyi, may be 
seen with it. It is not by any means shy ; and when frequenting bare grassy places like the Galle face, where 
it appears, after rain, with the Golden Plover, its behaviour is rather stupid, standing bolt upright and 
allowing itself to be approached to within a short distance before taking flight. Small flocks of a dozen or 
more are frequently to be seen on these public resorts after a heavy night’s rain — remaining there for 
several days, in spite of the hundreds of carriages, pedestrians, and bullock-waggons which are continually 
