LOBIVANELLUS INDICES. 
(THE KED-WATTLED LAPWING.) 
Tringa indica, Bodd. Tabl. PL Enl. p. 50 (1783). 
Parra goensis, Gra. ed. Syst. Nat. i. p. 706 (1788). 
Vanellus goensis (Gm.), Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 165 ; Gould, Cent. Him. B. pi. 28 (18o2), 
Jerdon, Madr. Journ. 1840, xii. p. 214. 
Lobivanellus goensis (Gm.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 261 (1849) ; ILelaart, liodiomus, 
Cat. p. 132 (1852); Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiv. p. 109; Jerdon, B. of 
Ind. iii. p. 648 (1864); Legge, Ibis, 1874, p. 27, et 1875, p. 401. 
Lobivanellus indicus (Bodd.), Schlegel, Mus. P.-B. Cursores, p. 68 (1864); Iioldsw. P. Z. S. 
1872, p. 472 ; Hume, Str. Feath. 1873, p. 232 ; Ball, ibid. 1875, p. 209 ; Hume, Nests 
and Eggs, iii. p. 574 (1875) ; Butler & Hume, Str. Feath. 1876, p. 14 ; Hume, ibid. 1878, 
vii. p. 67; Davidson & Wender, t. c. p. 88; Ball, t.c. p. 227; Cripps, t.c. p. oOO ; 
Hume, ibid. 1879, viii. p. 112 (List B. of India). 
Goa Sandpiper, Gmelin ; Indian Lapwing, Plover, Pewit-, “ Pity to do it ,” “Did you do it 1 ” 
Sportsmen, from their cry. Titai, Titi, Tituri, Titiri, in different parts of India; 
Yennepa chitawa, Telugu (Jerdon) ; Verklikker, Dutch in Ceylon ; Al-kati , Ceylonese 
Tamils, lit. “ Man pointer.” 
Kiralta, Kibulla, Sinhalese. 
Adult male and female (Ceylon). Length 12-6 to 13-0 inches; wing 8-0 to 8-4; tail 3'9 to 4-3 ; tarsus 3-0 to 3-1 ; 
bare tibia 1-5; middle toe and claw 1 -2 to 1-42; bill to gape 1'3 to 14 ; spur, in the breedmg-season, 0-2. 
Females are the smaller. 
Iris brick-red or greyish red, paling at the outer edge ; orbits, lappets, and two thirds of bill from base coral- or lake- 
red (the bill often inclining to pink); remainder of bill black; tibia yellow; tarsus sickly or greenish yellow; 
toes greenish yellow, claws black ; alar spur reddish. 
Head, hind neck, face, throat, fore neck, chest, quills, and a broad band across the tail glossy black, the wings and tail 
not so intense as the head and neck ; a broad band passing from the posterior margin of the eye over the ear- 
coverts, down the sides of the neck and chest, together with the under surface, under and upper tail-coverts, and 
tail, tips of greater wing-coverts, and most of the secondaries white ; lower part of hind neck, back, rump, wing- 
coverts, and tertials pale brown, with a strong green lustre, and glossed with amethystine on the wing-coverts 
and scapulars ; the white of the secondaries increases towards the innermost feather, which has only the tip black, 
and the adjacent tertiary is all white. The amethystine hue varies in individuals, extending in some to the back 
and longer tertials. 
Young. The immature bird in first plumage bas the iris brown, base of bill reddish, remainder black ; the lappets 
partially developed. Forehead and lores greyish ; crown browmish ; the chin and throat white, in some mottled 
with fulvous, and the surrounding plumage of the neck dull black ; the upper surface and wings duller than in 
the adult, with fulvous edgings to the feathers. 
Some examples in what may be a further stage have the iris “traced” with brown pencillings, and the white of the 
under surface tinged with buff. 
Obs. A comparison of a fine series of this bird in the national collection demonstrates that continental examples are 
somewhat longer in the wing than Ceylonese. Specimens from Kamptee, Nepal, and other districts measure : — 
8-fi to 9-2 inches ; tail 4'5 to 4-8; tarsus 2-8 to 3T ; bill to gape 1-3 to 1-4. 
