Subfam. (EDICNEMINiE. 
Bill stout, straight, the gape angulated, the gonys much pronounced. Legs long and rather 
stout, with the knee-joints enlarged and the tarsus reticulated before and behind ; toes webbed 
at the base. 
Of large size, with the head and eye very large, and of nocturnal habits. 
Genus (EDICNEMUS. 
Bill large, stout, wide at the base, moderately long, the tip curved from the nostril, which 
is placed in a depressed and capacious membrane; gape angulated, commissure curved below 
the nostril and then ascending to the tip ; gonys short and strongly angulated. Wings long, 
2nd quill the longest. Tail graduated and cuneate at tip. Knee-joints enlarged. Tarsus 
more than twice the length of the middle toe, and covered with polygonal scutes ; toes stout 
and webbed at the base. Head and eye large. 
(EDICNEMUS SCOLOPAX. 
(THE STONE-PLOVER,.) 
Charadrius cedicnemus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 255 (1766). 
Charadrius scolopax, S. G. Gmel. Reise, iii. p. 87, pi. 16 (1774). 
( Edicnemus crepitans (Linn.), Temm. Man. dOrn. ii. p. 521 (1820); Gould, B. ot Eui. iv. 
p. 585 (1832); Sykes, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 166 ; Jerdon, Madr. Journ. 1840, xii. p. 215 ; 
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 260 (1849); Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiv. 
p. 108 ; Jerdon, B. of Ind. iii. p. 654 (1864); Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 472; Von 
Heuglin, Orn. N.Ost-Afr. ii. p. 985 (1873); Hume, Str. Feath. 1873, p. 232, et 1875, 
p. 182 ; Legge, Ibis, 1875, p. 401 ; Butler & Hume, Str. Feath. 1876, p. 14 ; Armstrong, 
t. c. p. 340. 
(Edicnemus indicus, Salvadori, Atti della Soc. Ital. Scien. Milano, viii. p. 370 (1866); Hume, 
Nests and Eggs, iii. p. 581 (1876) ; Ball, Str. Feath. 1878, vii. p. 227. 
( Edicnemus scolopax (S. G. Gm.), Dresser, B. of Eur. pt. 55, 56 (1876); Hume, Str. Feath. 
1878 (B. of Tenass.), p. 458, et 1879, viii. (List of Ind. B.), p. 112. 
Grand Eluvier ou Courlis de terre, Buffon ; Le Grand Pluvier , Buffon, PI. Enl. 919 ; The 
Great-headed Thicknee, The Norfolk Plover, Stone-Curlew, The Thicknee, popularly in 
England; Bastard Florikin in India; Alcaravan, Spanish (Saunders). Karwanak, also 
Barsiri, Hind. ; Larnbi of Falconers ; Kharma, Bengal. ; Kalleijdu, Telugu ; Kama mosal , 
Tamil, lit. “ Jungle-ITare ” (Jerdon) ; the same in Ceylon. 
Adult ma i e and female (Ceylon). Length 15-75 to 16-5 inches; wing 8-25 to 8-6; tail 4-5: tarsus 3-1 to 3-2; 
middle toe and claw 1-5 ; bare tibia 2-0 ; bill to gape 2-05, at front 1-0. 
Iris yellow mottled and pencilled with dark brown ; bill black, greenish yellow from base to end of nostril-membrane 
