DENDKOCYGNA JAVANICA. 
(THE INDIAN WHISTLING-TEAL.) 
Anas javanica, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. 1821, xiii. p. 199. 
Mareca aivsuree , Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 168. 
Dendrocygna arcuata (Cuv.), ajgud Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 301 (1849) (in part); 
Kelaart, Prodromus, Cat. p. 136 (1852); Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiv. 
p. 269 ; Hume, Nests and Eggs, iii. p. 639. 
Dendrocygna awsuree (Sykes), Jerdon, B. of Ind. iii. p. 789 (1865). 
Dendrocygna javanica (Horsf.), Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 479; Legge, Ibis, 1874, p. 27, et 
1875, p. 407 ; Hume, Str. Feath. 1878, p. 486 (B. of Tenass.), et 1879, p. 114 (List B. 
of Ind.). 
Whistling-Teal, Tree-DucTc of some. SUM, Hind. ; Saral, Bengal ; Ilarrili Ilans, East 
Bengal (Jerdon) ; Meliwis batu, Horsf. ; Chemba-Tara, Ceylonese Tamils. 
Tatta-Saaru, Saaru, Sinhalese. 
Adult male (Ceylon). Length 16-8 to 17-5 inches ; wing 7-8 to 8'0 ; tail 2'4 ; tarsus 2'0 ; middle toe and claw 2-8 
to 2-9 ; bill to gape (straight to tip of nail) 2-0. — Female. Length 16-3 to 10-8 inches ; wing 7‘5. 
Iris brown ; orbits yellow ; bill blackish leaden ; legs and feet dark plumbeous. 
Forehead, crown, lores, hind neck, and interscapular region wood-brown, gradually changing into the dark slaty of 
the scapulars, back, tertials, aud median wing-coverts ; the shafts of the head-feathers spinous, and the lower 
hind neck and upper back broadly edged with yollowish grey and rufous yellow respectively, the latter continued 
down on the scapulars ; lores, face, sides of head, and the neck dusky whitish, paling into albescent on the gorge, 
aud passing into the fine ruddy chestnut of the whole breast and underparts (specimens when newly moulted 
have a yellowish gloss on the chest); lesser and succeeding row of wing-coverts maroon-red; quills brownish 
black ; upper tail-coverts ferruginous chestnut ; tail umber-brown, edged with buff -yellow ; under tail-coverts, 
sides of lower back, and rump dusky buff-yellowish, the basal portions of the coverts with dark interrupted bars ; 
under wing-coverts glossy black. 
Female. Has the underparts less ruddy or paler than the male. 
Obs. Examples from various parts of India (including Nepal) and Java correspond with Ceylonese specimens in 
coloration and dimensions. A Nepal specimen measures in the wing 7-7, a Javan 7'3 inches. Mr. Cripps gives 
dimensions of males as follows : — wing 7-50 to 8-04 inches, tarsus 1-9 to 1-92, bill from gape 1-8 to 2-06. Nicobar 
specimens are, according to Mr. Hume, identical with Indian. 
D. arcuata, Horsf., is another species of this genus, extending from Java to Australia, and is conspicuous for the 
coloration of the flank-feathers and the head and neck. The crown and centre of the hind neck are brownish 
black, and the sides of the neck and face buff-white ; the upper tail-coverts are buff-yellow at the sides ; flank- 
feathers white, with broad black margins. 
D. fulva, Gm., is larger than the last species ; flank-feathers and hind neck differently coloured. 
The following diagnosis of these three forms of Dendrocygna may be useful to local students : — - 
D. javanica. Head wood-brown; no stripe down hind neck; upper tail-coverts chestnut, black in the middle; breast 
unspotted : wing 7‘2 to 8-0 inches. 
Habitat. India, Burmah, Java. 
D arcuata. Head dark brown ; dark stripe down hind neck ; upper tail-coverts buff at the sides, black in the middle ; 
breast spotted ; flanks striped, the feathers buff-white, bordered with black : wing 7 ’5 to 8-3 inches. 
Habitat. Java, Malay archipelago, to North Australia. 
D. fulva. Head chestnut-brown ; black stripe down hind neck ; upper tail-coverts buff, black in the middle ; centre 
of the neck striated ; flanks striped, the feathers buff-white, bordered with cinnamon-brown : wing 9-0 inches. 
Habitat. India, also Madagascar and parts of South America. 
6x2 
